描写文
要 点 概 述
描绘的一种文体。它同叙述是结合在一起不可分割的，所以也可将其称之为形象化的叙述。从内容上讲，描写可分为人物描写和环境描写两种；从方法上讲可分为细描和白描两种。细描指用较多的修饰语对事物进行较细致的描写。白描指用较少的修饰语对事物的特征进行简略的描写。
描写文应注意以下几点：
1. 明确描写的目的，描写只起修饰作用。
2. 围绕主题，选好描写的细节。
3. 抓住人或事物的特点，努力运用生动形象的语言。注意动词、形容词、副词等的变换，同义表达的运用等。
4. 充分发挥联想能力，恰当地运用修辞方法。 Olympic Games in 2008. Then I'll be very happy to be your guide.
名题剖示 1
1. [NMET 1996] 书面表达
你是李华，申请到一家外资企业工作。对方要求你用英语写一篇短文，介绍自己的基本情况。短文应包括下面所列的全部内容。
姓 名
李华
出生年月
1977 年 2 月
出生地
辽宁大连
学 历
1984-1990 年光明小学
1990-1996 年大连市第六中学
所学主要课程
特 长
英语、电脑（去年在全校电脑竞赛中获第一名）
业余爱好
游泳、滑冰、集邮、流行音乐
注意：
1. 情况介绍必须采用短文形式；
2. 词数 100 左右。
3. 短文第一句已为你写好。
生词：竞赛 competition
My name is Li Hua.
内容要点
（ 1 ）年龄，含出生年月及地点；
I was born in Dalian， Liaoning Province in February 1997.
（ 2 ）教育及学历：
a. I started school in 1984 when I was seven.
b. I studied in Guangming. Primary School from 1984 to 1990.
c. After that I went to No. 6 Middle School of Dalian and graduated there this summer.
（ 3 ）所学主要课程：
The main subjects I studied at school included Chinese， maths， English， physics， chemistry and computer.
（ 4 ）特长
I like English and computer best and I am very good at them.
（ 5 ）获奖情况
Last year I won first prize in the school computer competition.
（ 6 ）业余爱好
In my spare time I enjoyed listening to popular music and collecting stamps. My favourite sports are swimming in summer and skating in winter.
例题分析
为了加强对英语写作能力的考查， 1996 年高考试题第 II 卷将书面表达一题的分值增到 30 分。要求考生根据表格中的内容写一篇 100 词左右的求职信，其目的是为了让聘用你的一方了解你的经历、能力、成果、愿望等。要尽可能地向对方表现你的长处，以便给人一个好印象。
参考范文
My name is Li Hua. I was born in Dalian， Liaoning Province in February 1997. I started school in 1984 when I was seven. I studied in Guangming Primary School from 1984 to 1990. After that I went to No. 6 Middle School of Dalian and graduated this summer. The main subjects I studied at school included Chinese， maths， English， physics， chemistry and computer. I like English and computer best and I am very good at them. Last year I won first prize in the school competition. In my spare time I enjoy listening to popular music and collecting stamps. My favourite sports are swimming in summer and skating in winter.
名题剖示 2
北京芳草小学有许多外国小朋友。假如他们明天要去北京动物园（ the Beijing Zoo ）游玩，该校校长请你写一篇简要而生动的介绍文字，文中涉及如下要点内容：
事 项
应提供的信息
动物园规模
亚洲最大的动物园，世界最大的动物园之一，园中有数百种动物。
鸟 类
黄的，绿的，桔红色的，棕色的，会唱美妙的歌
大 象
大耳朵，长鼻子，待人和善
猴 子
大的，小的，跑跑跳跳，像快活的孩子
熊 猫
有良好的举止行为，对来访者十分友好，十分懂礼貌
注意：
1. 注意加题目、开头和结尾。
2. 文字通顺，信息完整。
3. 词数： 90-100 .
内容要点
1. 亚洲最大，世界最大的动物园之一
the largest in Asia and one of the largest in the world
2. 各种各样的动物
hundreds of different kinds of animals
3. 大象待人和善
be kind to humans
4. 猴子像快乐的孩子
like happy children
5. 熊猫举止行为良好，友好，有礼貌
With good manners， be friendly and polite to
例题分析
本文要求考生介绍，描写北京动物园的大体概况，属于典型的描写文。
参考范文
Welcome to Beijing Zoo
Beijing Zoo is the largest in Asia and one of the largest in the world. There are hundreds of different kinds of animals in it. We can see yellow， green， orange and brown birds， which can sing nice songs. The elephants have a big nose and big ears and they are kind to humans. We can also see big and little monkeys running and dancing， just like happy children. Pandas， with good manners， are very friendly and polite to visitors. We will certainly have a good time there.
习作评析
习作题目
《学英语(http://www.xmyuanda.com》 报拟在某期头版介绍英国语言专家 W . J . Waston， 请你就下面的简历写一篇介绍性的短文（词数 100 左右）
姓名： W . J . Waston 性别：男
国籍：英国
出生年月： 1967 年 6 月
职业：英语教师
工作单位：第一中学
简历： 1989 年大学毕业， 1992 年携妻子来到中国。
主要事迹： 1. 热爱
[1] [2] 下一页
教育事业，工作认真负责，乐于帮助学生。
2. 教学方法多样，课堂生动有趣，深受学生欢迎。
3. 经常为中学生作如何学好英语的报告。
4. 任本报顾问，提出了许多良好的建议。
生词：毕业 graduate ；顾问 adviser ；建议 advice
学生原文
W . J . Waston was British ① . He was born in England in June， 1967. He was graduated from a university in 1989 ② ， and then came to China with his wife in 1992. Now he is working in No. 1 Middle School as an English teacher.
He loves teaching， and is strict with his work ③ . He is always ready to help his students. He had ④ a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting， so he is very liked by his students ⑤ . He often reports to middle school students on how to learn English well ⑥ .
Now he is an adviser to our paper， and he offered a lot of good advices ⑦ . Under ⑧ his help we are doing better in our work.
名师点评
本篇习作要点齐全，语言精练，层次分明，基本上完成了写作任务。但考生在动词的运用上应多下功夫，要重视英语的习惯用语。
① British 前加 a .
②去掉 was .
③ with 改为 in， be strict with sb 表示对人格； be strict in 表示对工作认真。
④ had 改为 has .
⑤本句是典型的汉式英语，最好改为 so he is popular with his students .
⑥用词不当， reports 应改为 gives lectures .
⑦ offered 前加 has .
⑧ Under 改为 With . with one's help 是固定搭配，意为“在……帮助下”。要注意英汉差别。
精品范文
W . J . Waston was a British， who was born in England in June， 1967. He graduated from a university in 1989， and then came to China with his wife in 1992. Now he is working in No. 1 Middle school as an English teacher.
He loves teaching and is strict in his work. He is always ready to help his students. He has a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting， so he is popular with his students. He often gives lectures to middle school students on how to learn English well.
Now he is an adviser to our paper， and he has offered a lot of good advise With his help， we are doing better in our work.
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