英语语法复习：非谓语动词：doc全文下载 href="/Upload/UploadFiles//coach_UploadFiles_8112/201311/2013112509064088.doc">英语语法复习：非谓语动词：doc全文下载
非谓语动词
【把握考情特点】
锁定高考考点
⊙非谓语动词作主语
1.(2011·北京高考)It's important for the figures regularly.
A. to be updated B. to have been updated C. to update D. to have updated
解析：选A。考查非谓语动词。句中的时间状语regularly 表示经常发生，因此排除B、D两项； 又因为figures 是被更新的，故选A项。
2.(2011·上海高考)It's no use without taking action.
A. complain B. complaining C. being complained D. to be complained
解析：选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。It's no use doing ...是固定句式，其中现在分词形式作主语，it只是用作形式主语。
⊙非谓语动词作表语
1.(2011·上海高考)Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing ... but we seem the art of communicating face-to-face.
A. losing B. to be losing C. to be lost D. having lost
解析：选B。句意：现在我们有聊天室，能传递文本信息， 还可发电子邮件……但是我们似乎正在失去面对面交流的技能。考查非谓语动词作表语。 seem后通常用动词不定式，排除A和D两项；此处非谓语动词后有名词the art of communicating face-to-face作其宾语，所以排除C项(被动形式)，故选B。
2.(2010·福建高考)In April，thousands of holidaymakers remained abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
A. sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuck
解析：选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：四月份，成千上万的度假者由于火山灰的影响而被滞留在国外。此处remain为系动词，后接过去分词作表语，表示被动。
⊙非谓语动词作宾语
1.(2012·福建高考)China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from in the South China Sea.
A. attacking B. having attacked C. being attacked D. having been attacked
解析：选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：最近中国加强对黄岩岛附近水域的控制以阻止中国渔船受到攻击。prevent...from ...“阻止……做某事”。因渔船是被攻击，故用动名词的被动语态。动名词的一般时态表示动名词的动作与谓语动词同时发生；动名词的完成时表示动名词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，故C项正确。
2.(2012·湖南高考)We've had a good start, but next, more work needs to achieve the final success.
A. being done B. do C. to be done D. to do
解析：选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：我们已经有了一个好的开端，但是为实现最后的胜利，接下来还有很多的工作要做。need在此意为“需要”，sth. need doing，相当于sth. need to be done，意为“......需要被做”。
⊙非谓语动词作定语
1.(2012年湖南卷) The lecture, _____at 7:00 pm laze night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.
A. starting B. being started C. to start D. to be started
【答案】A。句意：报告于昨晚七点开始，报告之后便是用望远镜观察月球。start在此用作不及物动词（就像Classes start at 8 “8点开始上课”一样），瞬间动词的现在分词作定语表完成意义或将来意义：We shall arrive too late to catch the train leaving (=which will leave) at eight.我们会到达太晚了而赶不上8点（离开）的火车。
2. (2011湖南卷，21) The ability _____ an idea is as important as the idea itself
A. expressing B expressed C to express D to be expressed
解析： 选C。考查非谓语动词作定语的用法。句意为“想法重要，提出想法的能力也同样重要。”express 修饰的是ability, 为主动关系，排除B和D表示被动的选项；ability作为一个抽象名词，通常使用动词不定式做定语，联系到短语be able to do sth，不难推断正确选项为C。
3. (2011湖南卷，23) The players ______from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game .
A selecting B to select C selected D having selected
解析： 选C。考查非谓语动词做定语的用法。句意为“人们期待着从全国各地挑选出来的运动员能在今年夏季的赛事中给我们带来荣誉。”select修饰players, 为被动关系，只有C选项表被动。故选C。
4.(2012·重庆高考)We're having a meeting in half an hour. The decision at the meeting will influence the future of our company.
A. to be made B. being made C. made D. having been made
解析：选A。考查非谓语动词。根据前面的“We're having a meeting in half an hour.”可知会议还没开始，The decision后面的定语应用动词不定式，表示将要发生的动作，排除B、C、D项。故选A项。
5.(2011·全国卷Ⅱ)The island, to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.
A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined
解析：选C。考查非谓语动词。此处为原因状语，因join 与逻辑主语the island 构成被动关系而使用过去分词，故选C。
6.(2010·浙江高考)The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.
A. being weighed B. to weigh C. weighed D. weighing
解析：选D。考查非谓语动词。句中的under the age of four和 less than 40 pounds都作children的定语，又因young children与weigh之间构成主谓关系，应该用weigh的现在分词形式weighing，相当于“young children who weigh less than 40 pounds”，答案选D项。
⊙非谓语动词作状语
1.(2012年湖南卷) Time, ________ correctly, is money in the bank.
A. to use B. used C. using D. use
【答案】选B。【解析】句意:使用得当,时间就是银行里的钱. 要填的是非谓语形式,,而且use和主语time的关系是动宾关系,所以要用过去分词表被动意义,相当一个条件状语从句:if it (time) is used correctly.
2. (2011湖南卷) Do you wake up every morning __________ energetic and ready to start a new day?
A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt
【答案】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意为“每天早上醒来后，你是否感到精力充沛，并为新的一天作好了准备？”wake up作句子的谓语，句中没有连词，排除谓语动词feel。to feel表将来，与wake up组成一先一后的动作关系，felt 作为过去分词表被动，与you 这个逻辑主语矛盾，故选C，feeling作伴随状语。
3.(2012·全国卷Ⅰ)The party will be held in the garden， weather .
A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permit
解析：选A。考查独立主格结构。句意：如果天气允许的话，聚会将在花园里举行。weather permitting(＝ if weather permits)为独立主格结构，因为weather是permit这个动作的发出者，故用现在分词形式。
4.(2011·四川高考) an important role in a new movie， Andy has got a chance to become famous.
A. Offer B. Offering C. Offered D. To offer
解析：选C。考查非谓语动词作状语。句子主语Andy与offer之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词作状语。故选C。
5.(2010·江西高考)There were many talented actors out there just waiting .
A. to discover B. to be discovered C. discovered D. being discovered
解析：选B。考查非谓语动词。由waiting可知，此处表示“还没有发现”，即将要发现，可排除C、D两项；discover与many talented actors之间是动宾关系，故用不定式的被动语态。wait to be discovered等待被发现。
⊙非谓语动词作补语
1.(2012·辽宁高考)The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog them.
A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows
解析：选B。考查with的复合结构。with的宾语后面可加形容词、副词、分词、不定式或名词等作宾补，此处pet dog与follow构成主动关系，所以用following。不定式表示动作尚未发生，故排除A。
2.(2011·浙江高考)Even the best writers sometimes find themselves for words.
A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost
解析：选B。考查非谓语动词。此处lost是过去分词作themselves的宾语补足语。语意表示“甚至最好的作家有时候也会表达不出来”，所以答案选B项。
3.(2010·湖南高考)Listen！ Do you hear someone for help？
A. calling B. call C. to call D. called
解析：选A。考查非谓语动词。由listen可知，此处用hear sb. doing sth.“听到某人正在做某事”，calling在句中是现在分词作宾补。
[题后反思与领悟]
1.以下两条“黄金法则”是解决现在分词与过去分词区别的最佳方法。
①“八字方针” 即“主动进行；被动完成”。
现在分词表示主动或进行；过去分词表示被动或完成。
②“两个参照物”—句子的主语和谓语动词
根据非谓语动词和句子主语的主动或被动关系，可以判断非谓语动词的形式；根据非谓语动词和谓语动词的先后关系，可以判断非谓语动词的时态。
2.to be done， done， being done的选择是考试的易错点。虽然这三者都表示被动意义，但所表示的时间不同。done表示已经发生的动作；to be done表示将要发生的动作；being done表示正在进行的动作。
【突破重点难点】
一、非谓语动词作主语
1.Laughing helps your body stay healthy and can even help you fight pain. (动名词作主语)
笑能帮助你的身体保持健康，甚至能帮你和疼痛作斗争。
2.To see is to believe. (不定式作主语)
眼见为实。
3.It is important to respect people. (不定式短语作主语，it 作形式主语)
尊重别人很重要。
4.It is no use crying over spilt milk. (动名词短语作主语，it 作形式主语)
覆水难收。
二、非谓语动词作表语
1.动名词作表语时，说明主语的性质或特征。
The queen’s work is laying eggs.蚁后的工作就是产卵。
2.不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。
His ambition is to go to Harvard University.他的梦想就是上哈佛大学。
三、非谓语动词作宾语
1. afford, agree, ask, decide, desire, expect, fail, hope, manage, promise, pretend, plan, intend, refuse, wish等动词后要接不定式作宾语。
(2011·上海高考)Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing ... but we seem to be losing the art of communicating face-to-face.
现在我们有聊天室，能传递文本信息，还可发电子邮件……但是我们似乎正在失去面对面交流的技能。
2. come, get, grow后接不定式作宾语时，意为“逐渐地……”。
She has a hot temper, but you will grow to like her.
她脾气很急，但你会渐渐喜欢她的。
3. admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practice, risk, resist, suggest等动词后要接动词ing形式作宾语。
Bill suggested holding a meeting on what to do for the Expo during the vacation.
比尔建议开一个关于假期期间为世博会做些什么的会议。
4. can't stand, give up, feel like, keep on, insist on, look forward to, put off, devote ... to, object to, be busy (in), get down to, have difficulty/trouble (in) have a good/wonderful/hard time (in), have fun等短语后要接动词ing形式作宾语。
(2010·上海高考)I had great difficulty finding the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.
在那个餐馆，我很难从菜单上找到合适的食物。
5. 动词like, love, prefer hate, continue等后接不定式或动词ing形式作宾语均可。但表示经常性的动作要用动词ing形式，表示具体的行为要用不定式。
I like swimming, but I don't like to swim this afternoon.
我喜欢游泳，但今天下午不想去。
6. 动词need, require, want作“需要”讲时，其后要用动词ing形式的主动语态或不定式的被动语态作宾语。与此相同用法的动词还有deserve“值得”。
The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned.
窗户需要擦了。
7. 形容词worth后要接动词ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，它不同于worthy的用法。
The
颐和园值得一去。
8. 介词后一般要接动词ing形式作宾语。但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语时，如前面有实义动词do，不定式就要省略to。
Upon arriving at the airport, he delivered an important speech.
刚到机场，他就发表了重要演讲。
He has nothing to do but lie down and sleep.
无事可做，他只能躺下睡觉。
9.动词如find, feel, think, expect, consider, make等后可接不定式作宾语，但宾语后要接形容词或名词作宾语补足语，而且要用it作形式宾语。
He found it difficult to work out the problem.
他发现解决这一问题很难。
10. 可用动词ing，也可用不定式作宾语，但意义区别明显的动词
forget
regret
try
go on
remember
mean
(2009·陕西高考)I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.
我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺，并记得在那里所看到的一切。
(2012•安徽卷•24)I remembered to lock the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.
在离开办公室前我记住了关门,但是忘记了关灯。
四、非谓语动词作定语
不定式作定语表未做的事情；v.ing形式作宾语表示此动作与被修饰词之间是主动关系；过去分词作定语时表示此动作与被修饰词之间是被动关系或已完成。
(2012•重庆卷•28)We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision to be made at the meeting will influence the future of our company.我们半小时之后要开个会。在会上要做的这个决定将会影响我们公司的未来。
[关键一点]
表示心理状态的v.ing形式，表示“令人……的”；ed形式，表示“(人)感到……的”， 也可修饰体现内心感受的look，expression， tears， smile， voice等名词。
五、非谓语动词作状语
（一）不定式作状语
1.表示目的。
We waved flags， beat drums and blew bugles to encourage the players.
我们摇旗擂鼓吹号，来鼓励运动员。
2.表示结果
不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果，动词不定式前面常加only。
(2012•山东卷•26)George returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him.
乔治战后归来,却被告知他的妻子已经离他而去。
（二）现在分词作状语
现在分词的一般式即doing表示动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生，与句子的主语是主动关系，现在分词的完成式即having done表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。例如：
Seeing nobody at home，she decided to leave them a note.看到没人在家，她决定给他们留个条。(主动意义，非谓语动词的动作与谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生)
(2012•重庆卷•23) Having been asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.
我那天晚上因为被要求加班而错过了一场精彩的电影。(主动意义，非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前)
（三）过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语时，与句子主语之间是被动关系.例如：
Seen from the top of the mountain，the city is very beautiful.
从山顶上看，这座城市很漂亮。
六、非谓语动词作补语
常见的作宾语补足语的非谓语动词的形式：
(2012•四川卷•8)I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
我抬头注意到一条蛇蜿蜒着爬上树去捕捉它的早餐。
[关键一点]
1.使役动词have和get 后跟宾补的用法；have＋宾语＋do/doing/ done ＝ get＋宾语＋to do/doing/ done。
2.感官动词（see, watch, hear等）的常用结构：感官动词＋宾语＋do/doing/done.
3.表示“知道”或“认为”的动词believe， consider， feel， know， think， suppose， understand， imagine的常用结构：动词＋宾语＋to be/ to have done/ to be doing。其中to have done表示先于谓语动词发生，to be doing表示当时正在发生。此结构常用被动语态。
4.with的复合结构中也可使用非谓语动词作宾语补足语。
【演练命题热点】
1.(2012.浏阳一中高三模拟)I wonder why Ann didn’t get _______ the job. She is the right person for it.
A. to be offered B. offered C. to offer D. offering
2.(2012.湖南省高三六校联考) a lady of her necklace, the young man was arrested on the spot by a policeman.
A．Having been caught robbing B．Caught robbing
C．Being caught robbing D．Caught and robbing
3.（2012长郡中学高三月考)The speech tomorrow in our school has been cancelled due to the terrible weather.
A．to deliver B．delivered C．being delivered D．to be delivered
4.(2012.怀化市高三模拟）24. Shopping on line brings people the convenience to have the products they order to them quickly and cheaply.
A. deliver B. delivered C. delivering D. to deliver
5.(2012·泉州五中高三模拟) My good friend Rose went to the party with her husband， a happy evening of wine， food and song.
A. expecting B. to expect
C. expected D. having expected
解析：选A。考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。由“去”和“期盼”两个动作之间无连接词出现可知，此处应用非谓语动词，又因为两个动作同时发生，所以要用现在分词作伴随状语。
6.(2012·南京外国语学校高三模拟)The celebration the 15th anniversary of Hong Kong's return to the motherland were held here on Sunday.
A. to mark B. marks
C. marking D. marked
解析：选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：星期天，标志香港回归十五周年的庆典在这里召开。the celebration和mark为主动关系，因此用现在分词作定语。
7.(2012·合肥一中高三模拟) She remained for a while after the movie ended， which made others .
A. sitting；puzzling B. sat；puzzled
C. seated；puzzled D. seated；puzzling
解析：选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：电影结束后，她仍然坐了一会儿，这让其他人困惑不解。 remained后应使用非谓语动词作表语，sitting和seated都可以；puzzle作宾补，表示人所处的状态，应使用过去分词。
8.(2012·杭州学军中学高三模拟) In my mind， that famous university will be the only way to become a world-class writer.
A. attending B. attended
C. attend D. having attended
解析：选A。句中没有连词，句中空白处应该为非谓语结构，因此C项错误；句中缺少主语，应使用动名词形式，排除B项；非谓语动词与句中谓语动词无明显的先后关系，排除D项。综上所述A项正确。
9.(2012·海南华侨中学高三模拟) The introduction of modern facilities to the company led to a great many workers .
A. to be laid off B. being laid off
C. laid off D. laying off
解析：选B。考查非谓语动词作宾语。lead to“导致，引起”，to为介词，其后应该接名词、代词或v.ing形式作宾语，故A、C两项需排除；a great many workers是v.ing形式的逻辑主语，并且与“lay off”是动宾关系，故选B。
10.(2012·潍坊第一中学高三模拟) —You may make more mistakes if your paper is left .
—Thanks a lot. And would you give me some advice on how to polish it？
A. being unchecked B. to be unchecked
C. to check D. unchecked
解析：选D。考查非谓语动词。句意：－如果不检查你的文章，你可能会犯更多的错误。－非常感谢。你能给我一些如何修改它的建议吗？leave your paper unchecked中unchecked作宾语补足语，表示宾语所处的状态；句中把宾语提前使用了被动语态。A项表示被动的动作正在进行；B、C两项为不定式结构，通常表示尚未发生的动作。
11(2012湖南长沙一中高三月考卷) Please tell me the after service of the computer: I’m worried about ______ a break down sometime.
A. there being B. it being C. there is D. it is
解析：选A。介词后接动名词结构作宾语。about 后接there be 结构时其中的be要为being形式。
12.(2011湖南长沙一中高三月考卷)— What should I do with this passage?
——_______ the main idea of each paragraph.
A. Finding out B. Found out C. Find out D. To find out
解析：选C。find out用动词原形表示前句回答you should find out the main idea…的省略式。若选D则表示目的状语。
13. (2011年湖南长郡中学月考卷) If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better _____ it —— you have got some big bills coming.
A. forget B. forgot C. forgetting D. to forget
解析：选 A。better和had better后都接省to 的不定式。同样，why not 后也接动词原形。
14. (2011湖南雅礼中学高三月考卷) Each of them got up early _____ to catch the early bus.
A. to hope B. hoping C. hope D. hoped
解析：选B。hoping to catch the early bus是现在分词短语作伴随状语，伴随主句got up这一动作。
