英语语法复习：情态动词：doc全文下载 href="/Upload/UploadFiles//coach_UploadFiles_8112/201311/2013112509071851.doc">英语语法复习：情态动词：doc全文下载
情态动词
【锁定高考考点】
⊙情态动词的非推测性用法
1(2012·全国卷Ⅰ) I use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house.
A. couldn’t B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. needn't
解析：选D。考查情态动词。句意：我不需要用闹钟叫我起床，因为每天早上六点都会有一列火车经过我家门口。应选“不需要”，即needn't。
2. (2011湖南卷) No one _______ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.
A. can B. need C. must D. might
解析：选 A 解析：考查情态动词的用法。句意为“在打篮球方面没人能比得上姚明。”can可以，能够；need需要；must必须；might可能。故根据题意，选A。
3.(2010湖南卷)
You buy a gift, but you can if you want to.
A. must B. mustn't C. have to D. don't have to
解析：选D don’t have to 意为“没有必要”，符合语境，句意为：“你没有必要买礼物，但如果你想买的话，你也可以买。”
4.(2011·全国卷Ⅱ)If you smoke， please go outside.
A. can B. should C. must D. may
解析：选C。考查情态动词。句意：如果你非要吸烟，请到外面。此处 must 表示“偏要，非要”。
5.(2010·江苏高考)—I haven't got the reference book yet, but I'll have a test on the subject next month.
—Don't worry. You have it by Friday.
A. could B. shall C. must D. may
解析：选B。考查情态动词。此处shall用于第二人称表示说话人的许诺。
⊙情态动词的推测性用法
1.(2012·四川高考)I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese， and I said “NiHao ”， just as I do in China.
A. must B. might C. can D. should
解析：选B。考查情态动词。句意：我尽量靠近他们以便听见他们说汉语，而且我会像我在中国可能做的那样说“你好”。might表示“可能”。故选B。
2.(2011·北京高考)—I don't really like James. Why did you invite him？
—Don't worry. He come. He said he wasn't certain what his plans were.
A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not
解析：选D。考查情态动词。根据句意可知，James 不太确定他的计划，他可能不来。might not 表示“可能不”，符合语境。
3.(2010·浙江高考)“You have a wrong number,” she said,” There’s no one of that name here.”
A. need B. can C. must D. would
解析：选C。考查情态动词。从“There's no one of that name here”可知“你一定弄错号码了”。此处表示肯定的推测，故用must。
⊙情态动词＋have done
1.(2012·江苏高考)— Happy birthday！
—Thank you！ It's the best present I for.
A. should have wished B. must have wished C. may have wished D. could have wished
解析：选D。考查情态动词。句意：“生日快乐！”谢谢你！这是我所能期望的最好的礼物了。could have wished意为“可能希望”，符合句意。
2.(2011·江苏高考)—I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.
—How unbelievable to get it back！I mean, someone it.
A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen
解析：选B。考查情态动词。从对话情景可知他们在谈论过去的可能性：有人可能把手提包偷走了，因此选择might have stolen。
3.(2010·安徽高考)Jack described his father, who a brave boy many years ago, as a strong willed man.
A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been
解析：选D。由句子语境可知，此处是对过去事实的推测，所以用must have done31. You ______ me my bike yesterday afternoon; I needed it so badly.
A. must have returned B. should return C. must return D. should have returned
[题后反思与领悟]
1.非推测性用法中的易错点是情态动词的一词多义，如：must除了“必须”之外，还有“偏偏；偏要”的含义。shall除了表示将来外，还有“允诺；命令；威胁；警告”等。
2. 情态动词的推测性用法中要注意情态动词表示推测时的一些特别规定，如：must表示推测只能用于肯定句中等。
2.“情态动词＋have done”的命题规律正在发生如下变化：
突破重点难点
一、情态动词的非推测性和推测性用法
|
情态动词 |
用法 |
|
can |
①能力(体力，智力，技能) ②允许或许可(口语中常用) ③可能性(表猜测，多用于否定句或疑问句中) [注意]be able to侧重在具体情境下能做某事。 |
|
could | |
|
may |
①可以(问句中表示请求) ②可能，或许(表推测) ③祝愿(用于倒装句中) [注意]①may /might as well 最好 ②当may 用于疑问句时，其否定回答是No， ... mustn't.。 |
|
might | |
|
must |
①必须，应该(表主观要求) ②肯定，想必(肯定句中表推测) ③非要，偏偏(语气词) [注意]①mustn't表示禁止。 ②当must 用于疑问句时，其否定回答是No， ... needn't/ don't have to.。 |
|
have to |
只好，不得不(客观的必须，有时态及人称变化) |
|
ought to |
应当(表示义务责任，口语中多用should) |
|
shall |
将要，会 用于一、三人称征求对方意见 用于二、三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁等 [注意]shall的否定式为shall not/ shan't。 |
|
should |
应当，应该(表义务、责任) 竟然(语气词，含有责备意味) 按理说，按理应该(表示逻辑推测) |
|
will |
意愿，决心 请求，建议(用在问句中时would比较委婉) 表示习惯 |
|
would | |
|
dare |
敢(常用于否定句和疑问句中) |
|
need |
需要，必须(常用于否定句和疑问句中) [注意]当need用于疑问句时，其肯定回答是Yes， ... must.。 |
|
used to |
过去常常(现在已不再存在或发生) |
(2012•重庆卷•T25)—Must you interrupt now? Can’t you see I’m on the phone? 你非要现在打断我吗?难道你没看见我在打电话吗?
—Sorry Sir, but it’s urgent.很抱歉,先生,但是这个事情太紧急了。
二、情态动词＋完成时
1.表示“与过去事实相反”，但不必带有“if从句”
|
1 |
should/ ought to have done |
原本应该……(但未做到) |
|
2 |
should not/ ought not to have done |
原本不应该……(但做了) |
|
3 |
could have done might have done |
原本能/可能做过 可能做过 |
|
4 |
could not have done might not have done |
原本不能/一定不会 可能没做过 |
|
5 |
needn't have done |
原本不必做 |
(2012•北京卷•33)We could have faced the difficulty together, but why didn’t’t you tell me?
我们本来可以一起面对困难的,但是你为什么不告诉我呢?
2.表示“对过去事实的推断”：
|
1 |
must have done |
肯定已经……；当时必然…… |
|
2 |
may have done |
或许已经…… |
|
3 |
can't have done |
不可能已经…… |
He can’t have done such silly things, for he was in Europe.他不可能作出这样的傻事，他那时正在欧洲。
演练命题热点
33．—The task is challenging and demanding. Who do you think can make it?
— my partner have a try? I think she is the right person to do it.
A．Will B．Might C．Should D．Shall
1.(2012·南京师大附中高三模拟)—Tom, my new computer doesn't work very fast.
—Don't worry; you know, the Internet sometimes be very slow.
A. should B. may C. can D. will
解析：选C。考查情态动词表示推测。答句句意：不要担心，你知道，网速有时会很慢。can 主要用于否定句或疑问句中表示推测；当其用于肯定句中表示推测时，常常表示一种逻辑上的可能性，意为“有时候可能会”。
2.(2012·阜阳一中高三模拟) The sign “No Photos” means that no one take any photos in the Palace Museum.
A. need B. might C. must D. shall
解析：选D。考查情态动词。shall用于二、三人称陈述句表示“允诺、命令，威胁、警告”等。句意：“No Photos”的标志意味着任何人都不能在博物馆中拍照。
3.(2012·杭州二中高三模拟)He seems to know everything so he at this time.
A. needn’t to be told B. doesn't need to be told C. doesn't need to tell D. needn’t tell
解析：选B。考查need的用法。句意：看来他知道一切，没有必要此时给他讲。如果need是情态动词，后面直接跟动词原形，而且多用于否定句，故A项错误；如果need是实义动词则跟不定式作宾语，故C项错误；根据句意可知tell应使用被动语态，故D项错误。
4.(2012·泰安一中高三模拟) The traffic is heavy these days. I arrive a bit late， so could you save me a place？
A. can B. must C. need D. might
解析：选D。考查情态动词。根据前一句中的内容可知说话人“可能”晚到一会儿，此处表示的是不太肯定的推测，故用might。
5.(2012·西安一中高三模拟) You bring your identification when you open a bank account.
A. may B. can C. must D. will
解析：选C。考查情态动词的用法。句意：当你开银行账户的时候，你必须带你的身份证。must此处表示“必须，应该”。
6.(2012·重庆巴蜀中学高三模拟)—I come all the way to say “Thank you” and we it without you.
—Think nothing of it.
A. should have done B. mustn’t have done C. couldn't have done D. needn’t have done
解析：选C。句意：我专程来向你道谢，如果没有你，我们一定做不了这件事。should have done表示“本应该做某事而没有做”，needn't have done意为“本不必做某事”，放在此处都不符合句意；B项must表推测时不能用于否定句。couldn't have done意为“过去不可能做……”。
7.(2012长沙一中高三月考) The driver tried everything he could think of , but the car _____ not move.
A. should B. might C. must D. would
解析：选D。would 可表一种习惯行为，一种倾向行为。
8.(2011湖南雅礼高三月考卷) If you won’t do as I tell you, you _____ go to the cinema.
A. won’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
解析：选B。shall 用于第二，三人称表“警告，允诺，威胁等”。此处表允诺。
虚拟语气
锁定高考考点
⊙虚拟条件句
1.(2012年湖南高考卷)Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.
A. have had B. had had C. have D. had
【答案】D 【解析】根据上下文可知，这是对现在情况的虚拟，if 从句用过去式，主句用would+原形。
2.(2012·浙江高考)Had they known what was coming next， they second thoughts.
A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had
解析：选D。根据“Had they known ...”可知，此处是省略了if的条件句，表示与过去事实相反的假设，所以主句用should/would/could/might＋have done结构，故D项正确。
3.(2011·北京高考)Maybe if I science， and not literature then， I would be able to give you more help.
A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying
解析：选C。考查错综时间的虚拟语气。主句用的是would be able to ...表示对现在的假设，但由if从句中的then可知，从句表示对过去情况的虚拟，故选C项。
4.(2010·北京高考)—The weather has been very hot and dry.
—Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now！ And my vegetables .
A. wouldn’t die B. didn't die C. hadn't died D. wouldn't have died
解析：选D。此题考查虚拟语气。句意：如果下了一点雨的话，现在的情况会好些，并且我种的蔬菜也不会死了。表示对过去情况的假设，从句谓语动词用“had done”，主句谓语动词用“would/could/should have done”。
⊙名词性从句中的虚拟语气
1.(2011·北京高考)—Where are the children？ The dinner's going to be completely ruined.
—I wish they always late.
A. weren’t B. hadn't been C. wouldn't be D. wouldn’t have been
解析：选A。考查虚拟语气。根据问句句意“孩子们现在在哪里？” 可知wish 后的宾语从句应用动词的过去式，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，故答案为A。
⊙其他句型中的虚拟语气
1.(2012·北京高考)Don't handle the vase as if it made of steel.
A. is B. were C. has been D. had been
解析：选B。考查虚拟语气。句意：不要把花瓶像它似乎是钢制的一样来拿。as if表示“似乎，好像”，引导的从句通常用虚拟语气，再结合主句的时态可知是对现在事实的虚拟，所以用一般过去时were。
2.(2012·辽宁高考)Jack is a great talker. It's high time that he something instead of just talking.
A. will do B. has done C. do D. did
解析：选D。考查动词时态。在句型 “It's high time that ...”中， 从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时或should do，所以选D项。
3.(2010·江苏高考)George is going to talk about the geography of his country，but I'd rather he more on its culture.
A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused
解析：选B。考查虚拟语气。would rather后的从句中谓语动词用过去式表示对现在或将来事实的虚拟。
[题后反思与领悟]
1.虚拟条件句中省略if是高考题常见的干扰方式。
2. 根据主句谓语动词的构成来判断虚拟条件句的谓语动词的形式是高考的易错点。
3.。要注意含蓄条件句的一些标志词，如：but for，without，given等。
【突破重点难点】
虚拟语气的基本用法(注意：把四个表格连在一起)
|
类别 |
用法 |
例句 | |
|
if引导的条件从句 |
与现在事实相反 |
从句谓语动词：过去式(be用were) 主句谓语动词：should/would/ could/might＋动词原形 |
(2012•湖南卷•29)Sorry, I am too busy now. If I had time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. |
|
与过实相反 |
从句谓语动词：had＋过去分词 主句谓语动词：should/ would/ could/ might＋have＋过去分词 |
(2012•山东卷•30)If we hadn’t made adequate preparations, the conference wouldn’t’t have been so successful. | |
|
与将来事实相反 |
从句谓语动词： 过去式/were＋不定式/should＋动去事词原形 主句谓语动词：should/ would/ could/ might＋动词原形 |
(2012•安徽卷•31)Grace doesn’t’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there, she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often. | |
|
if引导的条件从句的倒装 |
如果在表示虚拟语气的条件句中含有were， had 或should，可将if省略，然后将were， had或should移至主语之前。 |
Had we made a great effort we might have succeeded. (＝If we had made a great effort， ...) | |
|
混合条件句的虚拟语气 |
有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应根据它们表示的时间加以调整。 |
If it had rained last night， it would be very cool today. | |
|
含蓄条件句的虚拟语气 |
(1)用连词otherwise， or， but等暗示前面表示虚拟。 (2)用but for， without， given 等介词(短语)表示条件。 |
(2012•福建卷•31)We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we would have visited more places of interest yesterday. 2.Given more time， we could have done it better. | |
|
宾语从句 |
demand， suggest， order， insist后接的从句中动词为“(should＋)动词原形” |
He suggested that we (should) not change our mind. | |
|
wish后的从句中的谓语分别用一般过去时、过去完成时和should/would＋动词原形，它们分别表示与现在、过去和将来情况相反 |
I wish I could be a pop singer. | ||
|
主语从句 |
在“It is necessary/ important/ strange/suggested/ demanded/ ordered/requested＋that从句”中，从句中的谓语动词用should＋动词原形 |
It is strange that such a person should be our friend. | |
|
其他句型 |
It is (high) time (that) ...句型中谓语动词用一般过去时或should＋动词原形 |
(2012•辽宁卷•33)Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he did something instead of just talking. | |
|
would rather 所接的从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时(对现在虚拟过去完成时)(对现在虚拟)或者过去完成时(对过去虚拟) |
I would rather you stayed at home now. | ||
|
if only后面的谓语动词常用一般过去时(对过去虚拟)与过去将来时(对将来虚拟)，表示强烈的愿望 |
If only our dream had come true！ | ||
|
as if引导的状语从句中动词用过去时或过去完成时 |
They are talking as if they had been friends for years. | ||
【演练命题热点】
演练命题热点
1.(2012·河北衡水中学高三模拟) So you have to leave. How nice it if you a bit longer！
A. would be; stayed B. is; can stay C. should be; stay D. was; are able to stay
解析：选A。考查虚拟语气。句意：这么说你得离开了。要是你能多呆会儿那该多好啊！从第一句可知“对方要离开”，所以后边应用与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用过去时，主句用情态动词＋动词原形。
2.(2012·苏州中学高三模拟)—Your sister nearly all her spare time to her study during the three years.
—That's right, or she the first place in her school in the college entrance examination.
A. devoted; wouldn't have taken B. spent; wouldn't have taken
C. hadn’t devoted; hadn't taken D. hadn’t spent; couldn't take
解析：选A。第一空根据时间状语用一般过去时，devote ...to ...“致力于，奉献于……”；第二空表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，应用wouldn't have done，故选A项。
3.(2012·广西南宁二中高三模拟)Jam insisted that the book Mr. Black referred to .
A. was worth buying B. was worth to be bought
C. being worth buying D. be worth buying
解析：选D。考查虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法。insist后的宾语从句，在表示坚持某种建议时用虚拟语气should＋动词原形。过去分词短语referred to在句中作定语。
4.(2012·厦门一中高三模拟)What would have happened as far as the river bank？
A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther
解析：选C。考查虚拟语气。句意：如果Bob走到河岸会发生什么事情呢？由句意可知是对过去情况的虚拟，故从句用过去完成时，had Bob walked farther为省略if之后的倒装形式，还原后应为：if Bob had walked farther,...。
5.(2012·成都十中高三模拟)It's high time that we to environmental protection and ecological improvement.
A. have devoted B. devoted C. are devoting D. had devoted
解析：选B。考查虚拟语气。句意：该我们致力于环境保护和生态改善了。在It's (high/about) time that ...结构中应使用虚拟语气，that后的谓语动词用一般过去式或“should＋动词原形”。
6.(2012·银川一中高三模拟) If only I a few day ago！Then I wouldn't have been feeling so worried now.
A. looked ahead B. could look ahead C. were to look ahead D. had looked ahead
解析：选D。考查虚拟语气。句意：要是我几天前能预见(以后的事)，现在就不必这么着急了。由句意可知if only所在的句子是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故其谓语动词应使用过去完成时。
7.(2011湖南长沙一中高三月考卷) _________, I wouldn’t do that.
A. If I am in your place B. Were I in your place
C. Had I been in your place D. If I would be in your place
答案：选B。省略if 将were放于句首。相当于if I were in your place(如果我处于你的位置)
