细节理解题的解题思路及技巧（中国大学在线推荐）

在近年高考阅读理解试题中，细节题占有很大的比例。一般来说，此类题目属直接解答性问题，是阅读理解题中最简单的一种，多数属于中低难度的送分题。但由于所占的比例很大，应特别引起我们的注意。本文将以备考中出现的有典型意义的实例来总结此类题目的特点、解题思路及技巧。

一、考查的要点及命题的特点和形式

高考细节理解题主要考查考生对文章（或某一段落）中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实的理解能力，一般包括直接理解题（在原文中可直接找到答案）及语义转化题（需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论。）此类题目的出题形式很多。例如：

Which of the following statements is true／ false？ Which of the following is mentioned／not mentioned？

The writer states．．． The author mentions that．．．

What time does the writer think is．．．？ How many／How much／Where／How／Why．．．？

二、解题思路及处理技巧

对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节一点一滴的区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定最佳答案。

要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就需要恰当地使用查阅的方法及技巧。查阅是读者对材料有所熟悉的情况下进行的，它的特点是带着问题去寻找答案，它往往与略读综合使用，其具体方法与步骤如下：

① 略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握其中心或主旨。

② 按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词，如for example，first，second．．．等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。

③ 将自己精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上，快速通篇跳读，眼睛自左至右，自上而下呈Z形扫视，直到找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，就要放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。

三、细节理解的主要特点及典型失误细节理解题往往有如下一些特点：

1对应性：此类题的正确答案应与文中的细节一一对应，而不能是在未经查阅找到细节点的出处时，就冒然依照自己的理解答题，也不能在细节对应还模糊不清的时候，就一锤定音。例如：

The World Trade Center was hit by two planes and it fell in a short time later on September 11th．

Here is some hijacking（劫持）information．

American and United airlines both said two of their planes had been hijacked and crashed（坠毁）．

American said its planes were carrying a total of 156people．One was a Boston-Los Angeles flight．An FBI man said the former，a Boeing 767，hit one of the Trade Center towers；the latter，a Boeing 757，hit the Pentagon．

Two United airliners with a total of 110 aboard also crashed—a Boeing 757outside Pittsburgh，the other，a Boeing 767，into the Trade Center．

Question： What kind of planes hit the World Trade Center？

A．A Boeing 757and a Boeing 767． B．Two planes both Boeing 757．

C．Two planes both Boeing 767． D．Two planes from New York．

解析：许多学生看了第4段就开始做题了，他们在Pentagon（五角大楼）意义不清时（即细节对应尚还模糊的时候）就判定此段中一架Boeing767及一架Boeing 757为撞击大楼的飞机，从而选择了A项。而依据下一段中的“the other，a Boeing 767，into the Trade Centre．”不难看出答案应为C。

2准确性：准确性是细节理解题的核心要求。最近几年高考试题中此类题更多地倾向于将题目中的信息与原文有关细节信息进行语义上的转换，在转换过程中，考生易犯的错误是未注意到转换的准确性，常常将细节信息中的范围、程度、语义色彩等改变，从而导致错误。例如：

The well-mannered Englishman at table holds and keeps his knife in his right hand，his fork in the left，cuts his meat and presses his vegetables into his fork．The well-mannered American first cuts up all his meat，then places his knife down on the right of his plate．Takes his fork in his right hand and with his fork lifts the food to the mouth．He will have coffee h

[1] [2] 下一页

alf way through his dinner before the pudding．The Englishman drinks his coffee after the dinner． And，of course，Americans are coffee-drinkers rather than tea-drinkers．The Englishman would be shocked at the American's idea of how tea should be made．

Question： A well-mannered American _______ ．

A．holds his knife in his right hand all the time at table B．doesn't use a knife during his meals

C．places his knife down on the right of his hand D．uses his knife only once during his dinner

解析：此题出错的考生多选C为答案，而正确答案为D。对照原文可知C的错误在于忽略了on the right of his hand与on the right of his plate的区别，依据“place his knife down．．．”可知刀不可能是放在手上的。此题考生的错误在于重视了细节中的左与右的区别，忽略了plate与hand的细微区别。

3区分性：有时命题人会故意利用一些貌合神离的手段，比如给出与原文中一模一样的字眼来迷惑考生，让考生不加思索地选定答案，而实际上选项中的字眼与文中的相同字眼压根就不是对应同一事情。此类题属细节理解中的难题，要正确处理它们，要求考生找到细节对应点后，还得作仔细分析，联合句子的语境来辨析各选项与文中细节的异同。例如：

It would be pleasant to believe that all young girls in the past got married for romantic reasons；but the fact is that many of them regarded marriage as their only chance to gain independence from their parents，to have a provider，or to be assured of a good place in society．A couple of generations ago，an old maid of twenty-five did not have much to look forward to，she was more or less fated to remain with her parents or to live in some relative's home where she would help with the chores and the children．Not so any more．In the first place， women remain young much longer than they used to，and an unmarried woman of twenty- eight or thirty does not feel that her life is over． Besides，since she is probably working and supporting herslf，she is free to marry only when and if she chooses．As a result，today's women tend（倾向）to marry later in life．They have fewer children—or none at all—if they prefer to devoted themselves to their profession．The result is a decline in the birthrate．

The new role that women have developed for themselves has changed family life．Children are raised differently；they spend more time with adults who are not their parents：baby-sitters， day-care center personnel，relatives，or neighbors．Whether the gain or lose in the process is a hotly debated question．Some child experts believe that young children must spend all their time with their mother if they are to grow sound in body and mind．Others think that children get more from a mother who spends with them“quality time”（a time of fun and relaxation set aside for them）rather than hours of forced and unhappy baby sitting．And many child psychologists point out that children kept in day-care centers every day are brighter than those raised at home．No matter what it is，one thing about child raising seems to be certain，that the longer the child is with the mother，the better．

Question： It can be concluded from the passage that _______ ．

A．the birthrate is declining as a result of women's pursuit（追求）of careers

B．women have always been dependent（依赖）on their parents even after marriage

C．children must spend all their time with their mother if they are to grow sound

D．women today have developed a new role in family life

解析：本题答案为A，考生极易误选D。A项可从文中第一段最后三句话中求得依据，而D项错选的原因在于大部分考生只看到new role ／family life与文中细节的对应性，而未分析到两者谈到的完全是两回事。文中谈的是妇女参加工作（社会生活）改变了家庭生活，而D项中说的是妇女在家庭生活中的地位发生变化。

上一页 [1] [2]

上一页高中英语首页