三、关于动词时态的若干注意点：
１、终止性动词与其意义对应的状态性短语在时态上的异同点。
A.用终止性动词表示到说话时已完成的动作时，须用完成时；用状态性动词时，则用一般时。
1)He has fallen ill.＝He is ill. 他病了。
2)She said she had caught a bad cold and needed a rest.
＝She said she had a bad cold and needed a rest.
她说她重感冒了需要休息。
在第一个例子中，fall ill表示动作,用现在完成时表示“已病倒了”,be ill表示状态用一般现在时，表示说话处于生病状态。
在第二个例子中，catch a cold表示动作，用过去完成时表示“已染上感冒”，have a cold表示状态，用一般过去时表示当时已处于患感冒的状态。
3)He has got married.＝He is married.
4)They have left.＝They are away.
5)He has got used to the life here.＝He is used to the life here.
B.终止性动词用于完成时态时，不表示延续概念，不能跟表示延续概念的for＋a period of time的时间状态连用，而与其意义对应的状态性短语则可以。
1.He has died.他已死了。(Right)
2.He has died for serveral years.他死了好几年了。(wrong)
说明:在上述句子中,die是终止性动词，die的动作不能延续，而for several years则表示动作或状态继续了好几年。因此，第二个句子是错误的。要表示第二个句子的概念可用表示状态的be dead来表示，即：
3.He has been dead for several years.
或
4.He died several years ago.
或
5.It is several years since he died.
下面是常见的终止性动词及其意义对应的状态性短语。
终止性动词 状态性短语
come(arrive) here → be here
go(get) out → be out
go/leave/move → be away/off
become a member → be a member
join an organization → be in an rganization
start → be on
end → be over
return/come(go) back → &n
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bsp; be back
fall asleep/go to sleep → be asleep
1. 他已出去了。他出去了好几个小时了。
2.他已睡着了。睡着了好一会儿了。
２、make sure/be sure表示“采取措施以保证”之意时，从句中的时态用一般时或完成时。
1.Make sure that you ______(turn) off the light when you leave.
离开时务必关灯。
2.Make sure that you ________(finish) the work before six.
务必在六点前结束工作。
3.The hunter held his hand tightly to be sure that he didn't bow,either.
那位猎人紧握他儿子的手，以使他也不低头鞠躬。
３、在时间状语或条件状语从句中，用一般现在时或现在完成时表示一般将来时，一般过去时或过去完成时表示过去将来时。
1.Tell him about that when he _______(come).
2.His daughter won't go to bed until she _______(finish) her homework.
3.We would get into trouble as soon as the gas _______( run ) out.
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