热点试题

PASSAGE 1

When some nineteenthcentury New Yorkers said “Harlem”,

they meant almost all of Manhattan above Eighty-sixth Street.

Toward the end of the century, however, a group

of citizens in upper Manhattan-want perhaps, to shape a closer 1._________

and more precise sense of community—designated a section that

they wished to have known as Harlem. The chosen area was the

Harlem which Blacks were moving in the first decades of the 2.________

new century as they left their old settlements on the middle and

lower blocks of the West Side.

As the community became predominantly Black, the very

word“Harlem” seemed to lose its old meaning. At time it was 3.________

easy to forget that “Harlem”was originally the Dutch name

“Harlem”; the community it described had been founded by 4.________

people from Holland；and that for most of its three centuries—it

was first settled in the sixteen hundreds—it had been preoccupied 5.________

by White New Yorkers. “Harlem”became synonymous to 6.________

Black life and Black style in Manhattan. Blacks living there

used the word as though they had coined it on themselves—not 7.________

only to designate their area of residence but to express their

sense of the various qualities of its life and atmosphere. As the

years passed, “Harlem”asserted an even larger meaning. In 8.________

the words of Adam Clayton Powell, Sr., the pastor of the

Abyssinian Baptist Church, Harlem “became the symbol of liberty

and the Promised Land to Negroes everywhere”.

By 1919 Harlem's population had grown by several thousand.

It had received its share of wartime migration from the South,

the Caribbean, and parts of colonial Africa. Some of the

new arrivals merely lived for Harlem; it was New York they had 9.________

come to, looking for jobs and for all the other legendary opportunities

of life in the city. To others who migrated to Harlem, New

York was merely the city in which they found themselves:

Harlem was exactly what they wished to be. 10.________

[注释]

1. want→ wanting

该句的谓语动词在破折号之后，即“designate”，因此有必要将前一动词变成分词形式。

2. Harlem ∧ which → to

黑人们搬进了Harlem，因此这里Harlem是先行词，关系代词应当表示地点，即可以是where，也可以是“介词+which”的形式。

3. time → times

“at a time”是“一次”的意思，而“at times”是“时而，偶尔”的意思。

4.Harlem; ∧ the community → that

“forget”后面引导的是三个宾语从句，在这种情况下，“that”通常不能省略。

5.preoccupied → occupied

“be preoccupied with sth.”指“忙于某事”。“occupy”是“占领”之意。

6．to → with

“by synonymous with”是“与……等同”“与……意义相同”的意思,与synonymous搭配的是介词with。

7.on → ／

“by themselves”或“on their own”都表示“他们自己”的意思，“coin”是“创造”之意。

8.asserted → assumed “assert”是“肯定，断定”，“assume”指开始具有某种(品质或形象等)，强调的是一个从无到有的发展过程。

9.for → in

由下文“it was New York they had come to”可知这些人并非是为Harlem而活着，因为他们的目标是整个纽约城，他们只是居住在Harlem罢了。

10.what → where

本段中Harlem还是作为一个地区名存在，相关的思想意义并不多。

热点试题

PASSAGE 2

The white House began to be built in 1792, but it was not

completed until ten years later. Every American president lived

in it except for George Washington, although he did have a 1.________

majority part in designing it. 2.________

The government held a competition to choose the best

design for the president's house. The winner was a young man of 3.________

South Carolina, James Hoban. His design was a three-level

house of stone. And President Washington made some changes

in the winning design. He made the house long and wider, and 4.________

changed it into a two-storied house instead of three.

The second president, John Adams, was first to live in the 5.________

White House. When he and his wife moved onto the new house 6.________

in November, 1800, work was still going on, although the main

live area was completed. The whole work did not finish until the 7.________

administration of the 3rd president, Thomas Jefferson.

Twelve years later, the British army invaded Washington

and burned the White House

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inside of the building and experts said the White House was so 8.________

dangerous to live in. Later on workers rebuilt the inside of the

White House. More offices were added, most of which underground. 9.________

None of the work, however, changed the appearing of 10.________

the building. Many people asked why the president's house is

called the White House. Historians say it has been so called

simply because it was painted white.

[注释]

1.for → ／

在句子中说明前后两个相等成份的关系时用except，否则用except for。本句是说每位美国总统，除了乔治·华盛顿，都曾在白宫居住过，“Every American president”与“George Washington”为对等成分，故应去掉for。

2.majority → major

majority意为“大多数”、“半数以上”，一般后接复数名词，而major则为“主要的”。本句意为“华盛顿在设计白宫中起了主要作用”，故应用major。

3.of → from

要表示一个人的家乡在哪里，介词应为from。

4.long → longer

本句意思是说华盛顿把白宫设计得比原来更长，更宽了一些。与原来作比较，long当然应用比较级，而且and连接的两个形容词也应为对等成分，既然wider是比较级，long也应为比较级。

5. was ∧ first → the

the +序数词具有名词意味，在这里the first即表示the first president。

6. onto → into

“搬进新居”应为“move in”或“move into”,move on意为“继续前进”，而“move onto”则是不存在的。

7.live → living

live (a)意为“活着的”，而“living”则是“适于居住的”、“生活的”。the living area意为“适于居住的地区”。

8. so → too

原文说，战火把楼房的内部完全烧毁了，专家们说白宫太危险了，不能居住了，所以后来工人们才又重修白宫内部。“太……太……”应为“too…too…”。

9. which ∧ underground → were 或which → them

本句有两种改法，若想使这部分成为非限制性定语从句，则which引导一个句子，后面应加一个“were”；若想使这部分为独立成分，则改which为them。

10. appearing → appearance

原句意思是说，重建白宫的工作并未改变它的外貌。appearing为appear(出现)的v. + ing形式，appearance意为“外观，外貌”。

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PASSAGE 3

There are great many reasons for studying what philosophers 1.________

have said in the past. One is that we cannot separate the

history of philosophy from which of science. Philosophy is 2.________

large discussion about matters on which few people are quite 3.________

certain, and those few hold opposite opinions. As knowledge

increases, philosophy buds off the sciences.

For an example, in the ancient world and the Middle Ages 4.________

philosophers discussed motion. Aristotle and St. Thomas

Aquinas taught that a moving body would slow down until a force 5.________

were constantly applied to it. They were wrong. It goes on moving

unless something slows it down. But they had good arguments on

their side, and if we study these, and the experiments

which proved them right this will help us to distinguish truth 6.________

from false in the scientific controversies of today. 7.________

We also see how different philosopher reflects the social 8.________

life of his day. Plato and Aristotle, in the slave-owning society

of ancient Greece, thought man’s highest state was contemplation

rather than activity. In the Middle Ages St. Thomas

believed a regular feudal system of nine ranks of angels. Herbert 9.________

Spencer, in the time of free competition between capitalists,

found the key to progress as the survival of the fittest. Thus 10.________

Marxism is seen to fit into its place as the philosophy for

the workers, the only class with a future.

[注释]

1. are ∧ great → a

a great many为固定搭配，修饰可数名词，意为“很多，大量”，后面的名词用复数形式。

2. which → that

that这里做代词，指代前文已经提到的“history”一词，而which可做疑问代词或定语从句的引导词，代这里不能用。

3. large → largely

largely这里是副词，意为“在很大程度上”，如果有人打算把large考虑成修饰discussion的形容词，那么，前边势必加冠词a或the,但没有large discussion的说法，所以这里只能把large改换成副词.

4. an → /

for example是固定搭配，意为“例如”，中间不加不定冠词an。

5. until → unless

until常和not连用，形成not…until句式，所以not是检验until是否用对的一个标志。这句在说：“亚里士多德和圣托马斯·阿奎那都认为一个运动的物体除非给它不停地使力，否则它就会停下来”。unless这里是“除非”的意思。

6. right → wrong

这句话说“但是他们那一方面有很好的论证。如果我们研究这些论述和证明这些说法是错误的那些实验，那么我们就会辨清今日科学纠纷的真与假”。根据上下文判断，这里应是wrong。

7. false → falsehood

这里需要一个名词，因此把false改为falsehood。

8. different → every

这句谓语动词和主语均为第三人称单数，而用different修饰的名词一般用复数形式，因此需要改变different。再看下文，列举了诸位哲学家，因此可把different 改为every，既不妨碍句子意思，又符合语法规则。

9. believed ∧ a → in

believe in 意为“相信”，后常接名词，而believe则为“相信或认为”，后常接从句，因此加上一个介词in。

10. as → in

此句意为“斯宾塞在资本主义自由竞争时期，发现进步的关键在于适者生存”，此句的另一表达方式为“Spencer, in the time of free competition between capitalists, found the surviva

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热点试题

PASSAGE 4

Aphrodite loved Adonis more than she did to heaven, for 1.________

He was a brisk, lovely young hunter. She abandoned her residence

at Olympus and took to the woods, where she dressed

herself up like a huntress and kept the youth companion all day 2.________

long. With him she roved through bushy grounds and groves and

over hills and dales, cheering hounds and pursuing game of a

harmless sort. They had a great time together. However, she

warned him many times to chase wild beasts like lions and 3.________

wolves, but the young man just laughed at the idea.

One day, after warning him thus, she left to Olympus in 4.________

her chariot. Quite by chance Adonis' hounds found a boar, that 5.________

roused Adonis to enthusiasm. He hit the beast with a dart, and 6.________

the boar, turning on him ,buried its white tusk deep into his

tender side and trampled him to death.

When Aphrodite came back to find her lover cold in death,

she burst into a passion of tears. Unable to wrest him back from

the low world, she sprinkled nectar on Adonis' blood and 7.________

turned it into anemone, a delicate purple flower.

Aphrodite was, therefore, still inconsolable. In grief and 8.________

despair she flew to Zeus and implored him to restore Adonis to

her. Though she had Zeus' sympathy, Hades was by no means

prepared to comply with her request. After the much dispute a 9.________

compromise was worked out under which Adonis was to spend

half the year above ground with Aphrodite, but the rest six 10.________

months in the Elysian Fields. Therefore, in spring time Adonis

came back to the loving embrace of Aphrodite, but when winter

came he had to return most reluctantly to Hades.

[注释]

1. to → /

did这里代表前文提到的动词loved，是及物动词，不用介词就可直接加宾语。

2. companion → company

keep sb. company是固定搭配，意为“与某人做伴”，companion与company是同义词，都是“伴侣”之意，但companion是可数名词，而company则不可数。

3. times ∧ to → not

warn sb. not to do sth. 是固定搭配，意为“警告某人不要做某事”。很多有“警告某人做某事”的说法，况且这里根据上下文知道Aphrodite常警告Adonis不要捕猎狮、狼一类凶猛的野兽。

4. to → for

leave for a place,意为“出发去某地”，介词用for不用to。

5. that → which

这里是一个非限制定语从句，应该用which引导。

6. and → but

这里有一个语气的转折，前一个分句说“他用标枪投中了这头野兽”，后面一个分句紧接

着就说“但这只野猪却向他扑来……”前后形成对比，一个讲人的行动，一个讲兽的行动，两者互相攻击。

7. low → lower做形容词用的low，有“地位低下”之意，但也常有“品质、道德”败坏之意，所以引申意常代替本意。这里lower world指的是“冥府,地下”，是和地下世界比较而言，因此较常用low的比较级形式。

8. therefore → however

上下文说Aphrodite把死去的Adonis变成了一种美丽的花，但仍不感到安慰，又向宙斯求助要他向冥王把Adonis讨回。因此，这里如果用therefore则隐含“感到安慰”之意，如果是however，则表转折，意为“仍不满足”。

9. the → ／

dispute是不可数名词，意为“争辩、讨论”。much dispute表示“大量争吵，讨价还价”，the完全不必要。

10. rest → remaining

rest表“剩下”时，可说the rest of… 或只说the rest，在这里说“剩下的六个月”是the rest of the year或the remaining 6 months。

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