「高考试题」
1. （ 2002 北京春） Prices of daily goods _______ through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A. are bought B. bought
C. been bought D. buying
2. （ NMET 2001 ） As we joined the big crowd I got _______ from my friends.
A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed
「答案与解析」
1. B .空白处填入 bought ，“ bought through a computer ”为过去分词短语作定语，它相当于定语从句“ which are bought…… ”。
2. A .此题中的“ got + separated ”表示状态， separated 为过去分词作表语。“ get/ be separated ”常与 from 连用，故答案为 A .
过去分词是非谓语动词的一种重要形式。过去分词可以和助动词 be/ have/ had 等构成被动语态和完成时态，还可以用作定语、表语、状语和宾语补足语等。本文将着重谈谈过去分词作定语和表语的用法。
同学们在复习时应注意以下几点：
一 . 理清过去分词作表语和定语的最基本特点。
「语法要点讲解」
过去分词作表语和定语用时，常常表示被动的或完成的动作。值得注意的是，有些过去分词（短语）表示的并不是简单的被动意义，如 dressed like， dressed in， satisfied with， devoted to， tired of， born in， seated， pleased with， interested in， surprised at， prepared for， lost/ absorbed in 等。一些表示情绪、情感的过去分词作表语和定语时也不含被动的意义。例如：
It is one of the developed countries. 它是发达国家中的一个。
Don't you know the girl dressed in a red skirt？ 你不认识那个穿红裙子的女孩吗？
The excited people finally cooled down. 激动的人们终于冷静了下来。
「典型试题」
1. Don't use words， expressions， or phrases _______ only to people with specific knowledge.
A. being known B. having been known
C. to be known D. known
2. The first textbooks ________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. having written B. to be written
C. being written D. written
3. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _______ as the plane was making a landing.
A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating
4. —— I'm very ________ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.
---- Mm. It does have a _________ smell.
A. pleasant； pleased B. pleased； pleased
C. pleasant； pleasant D. pleased； pleasant
「答案与解析」
1. D .空白处要填的词并不是强调进行的、完成的或将来的动作，因此可排除 A 、 B 或 C 项，而应填过去分词 known ，它在句中作定语。
2. D .第一批课本不是“将被写成”的，也不是“正被写”的，而是“已经被写成”的，所以应该用过去分词 written 作定语，表示一个完成的被动动作。
3. C . remain seated 为系表结构，表示状态。
4. D .第一空应填 pleased ，表示“满意的”情绪；第二空应填 pleasant ，意思是“令人愉快的”。
二 . 掌握过去分词作表语和定语的新形式。
「语法要点讲解」
1. get done 也可构成被动语态，在意义上接近于 be done .例如：
He right hand got burnt in that big fire. 他的右手在那场大火中被烧伤了。
She got murdered last year. 去年她被人谋杀了。
2. 过去分词作非限制性定语。
过去分词可以作非限制性定语，这种定语前面常有逗号，与被修饰的名词隔开。例如：
Hangzhou， known to the nation for its West Lake， has changed greatly. 杭州以西湖闻名全国，它已经发生了很大的变化。
「典型试题」
1. —— How are the team playing？
—— They're playing well， but one of them _______ hurt.
A. got B. gets C. are D. were
2. Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not， you may _______ run over by a car.
A. have B. get C. become D. turn
3. Mr. Smith， _______ of the _________ speech， started to read a novel.
A. tired； boring B. tiring； bored
C. tired； bored D. tiring； boring
4. The Olympic Games， _______ in 776 B.C.， did not include women players until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played
C. first played D. to be first playing
「答案与解析」
1. A .由会话语境可知，一名队员是“被别人弄伤”的。而受伤时间是在过去，故空白处应填 got .
2. B .此题的意思是：如果不小心，就会“被小汽车碾过去”。因此，空白处应填 get .
3. A .第一空应填 tired . be tired of 的意思是“对……感到厌倦”；第二个空应填现在分词 boring ，意思是“令人感到枯燥的”。
4. C .分析语境不难发现，该空应填过去分词短语 first played ，用作非限制性定语。
三 . 弄清过去分词作表语和定语时所处的位置
「语法要点讲解」
单个过去分词作定语时，可以放在被修饰的名词前面或后面，过去分词短语作定语时应放在被修饰的名词后面。过去分词作表语时，应放在连系动词后面，但有时过去分词和连系动词之间有副词隔开。例如：
This is the wounded soldier. 这就是那个受伤的战士。
This is the soldier wounded in the battle. 这就是那个在战场上受伤的战士。
English is widely used all over the world. 英语在全世界被广泛使用。
This package was marked with name and date. 这个包裹标明了姓名和日期。
「典型试题」
1. Most of the artists ________ to the party were from South Africa.
A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited
2. He talked to me like a ______ older brother.
A. concern B. concerned C. concerning D. being concerned
「答案与解析」
1. A .分析语境可知，该空应填表示“被邀请的”词语作定语，所以应该用过去分词短语 invited （ to the party ）作后置定语。
2. B . concerned 意为“关切的”，作前置定语。
「练习」
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1. I don't know the girl ______ in the snow storm.
A. to catch B. caught C. catching D. to be catching
2. The girl _______ down by a car was dying.
A. knock B. knocking C. knocked D. to knock
3. The foreign guests， ________ by an interpreter， came out of the hall.
A. following B. to follow C. followed D. to be followed
4. The problem _______ so quickly last evening will not be set again anywhere.
A. having been settled B. settle
B. be settled D. settled
5. There was an _________ look on his face when the actress appeared.
A. excited B. excite C. exciting D. excitement
6. The children __________ at the hospital yesterday were seriously ill.
A. to examine B. examined C. examine D. examining
7. He talked about at his suggestions _________ by you yesterday.
A. been turned down B. turned down
C. to be turned down D. to turn down
8. This is the package ________ at the post office last night.
A. be weighed B. to be weighed
C. to weigh D. weighed
9. An island is a small piece of land _______ by water.
A. surrounded B. surrounding
C. to be surrounded D. being surrounded
10. The managers will again discuss the plan _______ last week.
A. carried out B. carrying out
C. carry out D. to carry out
11. After the heavy rain， many cars got ________ in the mud.
A. catch B. catching C. caught D. being caught
12. What surprised me most was that the leader of that country got ________ .
A. kill B. killing C. killed D. to be killed
13. When I went in， they were ________ in a heated discussion.
A. absorb B. absorbed
C. absorbing D. being absorbed
14. The thief seems _________ in that cave. Let's go and see.
A. hidden B. hide C. hiding D. to hide
「答案与解析」
1. B .小女孩是“被困”在暴风雪中，所以空白处应填过去分词作后置定语。
2. C .小女孩是“被”小汽车“撞倒”的，所以空白处应填过去分词，作后置定语。
3. C .外宾“被”翻译“跟随着”，所以应用过去分词短语作后置定语。
4. D .“问题”是“被解决的”，其后的时间状语决定了空白处应填过去分词 settled 作后置定语。
5. A .“激动的表情”用“ excited look ”表示。对一些短语中用作定语的过去分词要弄清其含义，要分别加以记忆，如： worried look （忧虑的表情）， a puzzled girl （迷惑的女孩）。
6. B .“孩子们”与“检查”之间是被动关系，所以空白处应填过去分词，作后置定语。
7. B .“建议”是“被拒绝”的，所以空白处应填过去分词，作后置定语。
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