一、根据衔接词本身在文章中起到的作用，主要分为以下四类，即“起”、“承”、“转”、“合”。
（一）表示“起”的词/词组：用于开篇引出扩展句。
at first 最初 for one thing…（for another）
at present 现在；当今 首先…（其次）…
currently 目前；最后 recently 最近
first（ly）第一 in general 一般说来
in the beginning 起初 one the one hand…（on the other hand）
to begin with 首先；第一 一方面…（另一方面）
first of all 首先；第一 generally speaking 一般地说
in the first place 首先；第一 on the whole 总起来说
lately 最近 to start with 首先；第一
presently 现在；此刻 now 现在
（二）有关“承”的常用词语：用来承接上文。
after/after that/afterwards此后 by this time 此时
after a few days 几天以后 certainly 无疑地；当然地
after a while过了一会儿 therefore 因此；结果
also/too 并且；又 for example 例如
at the same time 同时 for instance 例如
beside 此外 for this purpose 为了这个目的
Besides/what,s more 而且；此外 from now on 从此
in addition 此外 second 第二；第二点
in addition to… 除…之外 secondly 第二
in fact 事实上 similarly 同样地
in other words 换句话说 so 所以
in particular 特别（地） soon 不久
in the same way 同样地 still 仍然
by the way 顺便提一句 then 然后
indeed 的确 third 第三；第三点
meanwhile 与此同时 thirdly 第三
moreover 而且，此外 for another 其次
no doubt 无疑地 such as 正如
obviously 明显地 later 后来
of course当然 truly 事实上；真实地
particularly特别地 unlike …不像……；和……不同
what is more 而且；此外
（三）有关“转”的常用词语：用来表示不同或相反的意见。
after all 毕竟 fortunately 幸运地
all the same 依然；照样 however 然而；无论如何
anyway 无论如何 in spite of 尽管……；虽然……
at the same time同时；然而 luckily 幸运地
but 但是 by this time 此时
though/although 尽管 no doubt 无疑地
in/by contrast 对比之下 on the contrary 相反地
even though即使 otherwise 否则
still 仍然 unfortunately 不幸地
in fact 事实上 unlike 不像……；和……不同
as a matter of fact 事实上 yet仍；然而；但是
especially 特别地
（四）有关“合”的常用词语：用于小结上文或结束本段落的内容。
above all 最重要的是 accordingly 于是
as a result结果 in sum 总之，简而言之
as has been noted 如前所述 in summary 简要地说
as I have said 如我所述 on the whole 总体来说；整个看来
at last 最后 therefore 因此
by and large 一般说来 thus 因此
briefly 简单扼要地 to speak frankly 坦白地说
by doing so 如此 to sum up 总而言之
eventually 最后 surely 无疑
finally 最后 to conclude 总而言之
in brief 简言之 no doubt 毫无疑问
in conclusion 总之，最后 undoubtedly 无疑
in short 简而言之 truly 的确
in a word 总之 so 所以
certainly 当然地；无疑地 obviously 显然
all in all 总之
二、根据衔接词本身的意思和文章连接所需要的逻辑意义，可分为以下14类。
（一）表示因果关系
as a result
He never studied hard, and as a result he failed in the last examination.
as a result of
He is late for work as a result of traffic accident.
accordingly
He wanted to buy a radio for study English, and accordingly her mother bought it for him.
because（of）
We are delayed because of a traffic jam.
due to
His success is due to his excellent work.
owing to
Owing to his absence, our meeting is not held.
thanks to
Thanks to a good teacher, she passed the examination.
now that
Now that you have grown up, you must earn for yourself.
so long as
You could realize your dream so long as you try it again and again.
since
Since you are here now, you,d better give a hand.
in that
The policy is harmful in that it may encourage people to give up.
so that
The office speaks at the top of his voice so that every soldier could hear him.
therefore
There is a calculating mistakes there, therefore, the answer is wrong.
（二）表示解释关系
as a matter of fact
I will go there this morning, as a matter of fact, I am only 10 minutes, drive from you.
as well
I will go there. My friend will go with me as well.
frankly speaking
Frankly speaking, I am not very satisfactory with your words.
in this case
In this case, I will go there as soon as possible.
（三）表示推理关系
or else
Hurry up, or else you,ll be late.
otherwise
You must carry this passport, otherwise you will be stopped by the guard.
if so
If so, it will make a great difference.
（四）表示递进关系
in addition
I need your help. In addition, I also need her support.
besides
First, we must work hard. Besides, we must work with a creative mind.
and moreover
The hat is the right size for you, and moreover, it goes well with your skin.
that is to say
The stock price is declining, that is to say, I am losing money.
in other words
I am not hungry, in other words, I really dislike the food in this canteen.
equally important
You should read more news from newspapers, and equally important, keep an eye on the news from the radio.
what,s more
It is harmful to my health, and what,s more, it is no good to my work.
last but not least
Last but bot least, my thanks should go to every member of my class.
（五）表示比较关系
equally
As a teacher, I should teach well, but equally, I should study well.
in the same way
It is such a coincidence that we figure it out in the same way.
in contrast to
In contrast to your belief, I quite disagree with you.
instead
If you don’t go, I,ll go instead.
on the contrary
You thought I like it. On the contrary, I dislike it.
in contrast
It is hot in the daytime, but in contrast it,s very cold at night.
while
We are happy in
either…or
Either you or I will go there.
rather than
In this matter, the parents should be blamed rather than the children.
instead of
You should be reading books instead of lying there in bed.
not …but
She is not an English teacher, but a German student.
whether…or not
I wonder whether you will come or not this afternoon.
neither…nor
Neither you nor I will go there. He will come this afternoon.
（七）表示转折关系
although
Although he is old, he still work everyday.
despite
I will visit him despite the heavy snow.
at the same time
The little kid brings troubles, but at the same time you can,t help liking him.
even though
Even though she is late, she walks slow.
however
I planned to go there, however, the incident suddenly interrupts my normal work.
in spite of
In spite of the boy,s honesty, the teacher is still very angry.
instead
It is too hot to go shopping, let,s watch TV at home instead.
on the contrary
I used to think that the result will be good. On the contrary, it turns out to be bad.
still
It,s raining cats anddosg outside; still, I will visit him.
though
I will visit him though it is raining there.
while
Sadness is beautiful while loneliness is tragical.
yet
He is sentimental sometimes, yet I still like him.
（八）表示总结关系
all in all
All in all, we must cope it well
briefly
Briefly, I agree with you on the matter.
in conclusion
In conclusion, the first opinion is much more reasonable than the latter idea.
in summary
In summary, we cannot fully believe what we heard from others.
to sum up
To sum up, teaching student is not an easy task to perform.
on the whole
On the whole, the book is extremely valuable.
in all
In all, it,s great to be a father.
in short
In short, actions speak louder than words.
in brief
In brief, to help others is to help yourself.
in a word
In a word, we will win while they will lose.
in terms
In practical terms, I believe it will work.
in sum
In sum, it is great to be a teacher.
to summarize
To summarize, spare the rod, spoil the children,
（九）表示次序关系
above all
Above all, remember to call me when you arrive.
afterwards
We played the whole day and afterwards walked home together in the evening.
first/firstly/first of all
First（ly）/first of all, I,ll mention the history.
second/secondly
Second/secondly, I will mention the present.
furthermore
Furthermore, it is not good enough in this respect.
finally
Finally, I agree with you on this matter.
last but not least
Last but not least, my personal effort also play a small role in the accomplishment of the task.
to conclude
To conclude, life is not a battle if you want to be a normal man.
lastly
Lastly, I must say it will be remembered by people around the world.
in the end
In the end, they parted each other at the cross road. （十）表示强调关系
above all
Above all, the good policy makes us dare to be rich.
of course
Of course you will fall behind if you don,t study harder.
indeed
I am indeed very glad to see you are well and sound.
most important
Most important, it is a book for sale first.
（十一）表示过渡关系
as to/as for
She,s very uncertain as to where he is now.
by the way
By the way, there is a letter for you in the president,s office.
with regard to
With regard to your score in last examination, I am afraid it is not a good news for you.
talking of
Talking of hpilosophy, I know little about it.
incidentally
Incidentally, your proposal has drawn most people,s attention.
to get back to the point
To get back to the point, have you ever visited Mr.Johnson?
（十二）表示举例关系
as follows
The reasons are as follows.
a case in point
A case in point,
for example
For example, Chairman Mao is such a great hero.
for instance
There are many advantages, for instance, it can make your book perfect.
（十三）表示同指关系
that is
There are two persons there, that is, Tom and Jack.
in other words
In other words, we must finish it before he comes.
that is to say
Let,s go back to the original plan, that is to say, you must go there.
（十四）表示时间关系
after a while
After a while, he came back with smile on his face.
afterwards
Tom came in for a cup of tea, then he went out soon afterwards.
as long as
You may borrow this book as long as you return it.
at last
At last, we succeed.
at length
At length he told us the trugh.
at that time
At that time, all people are poor.
eventually
We waited for her on and on, and eventually she came.
finally
After a heated discussion, finally he gave up.
in the past
In the past he was very naughty.
meanwhile
Tom was listening to the radio, and meanwhile Adam was reading.
presently
He is presently the president of the
so far
So far he,s been to
thereafter
Thereafter, they lived a happy life.
until
I did not feel hungry until midnight.
until now
He has not come until now.
when
I used to listen to the radio when I was young.
