英语一轮复习倒装句讲与练：doc全文下载 href="/Upload/UploadFiles//coach_UploadFiles_8112/201311/2013112710213335.doc">英语一轮复习倒装句讲与练：doc全文下载
倒装句(Inversion)
主语和谓语是句子的核心，它们之间有两种语序：一是主语在谓语之前称为自然语序（Natural Order）；二是主语在谓语之后则称为倒装语序（Inverted Order）。而倒装语序中又有完全倒装（Full Inversion）和部分倒装（Partial Inversion）.
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一、完全倒装
是指把整个谓语部分放在主语之前，即主语和谓语的位置完全颠倒过来。注意：谓语动词的数要与后面的主语保持一致。常见于以下几种情况：
(一).用于地点副词here, there,方位副词out, in, up, down及时间副词now, then,等开头的句子里，以示强调。
There goes the bell.
Look! Here comes the bus.
Now came your turn to recite the text.
这种倒装要求：主语必须是名词。主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不变。
Away it flew.
Out they rushed the moment the bell rang.
这类倒装句式一般只用一般现在时和一般过去时。
Here comes the bus.
Out rushed the boys.
(二).当表示地点的介词短语放句首时。注意：谓语多为be, lie, sit, stand, come,等不及物动词。
Under the table are three white cats.
In front of my house flows a stream.
Between the two windows hangs a large map of
(三)there放在句首时，要用倒装句式。
在“there + be”结构中的谓语动词有时不用be , 而用表示类似“存在”观念的其他不及物动词。如：live, stand, come, lie, flow, enter, rise, seem 和appear等。
There came shouts for help from the river.
There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.
Many years ago there lived an old man in the wooden house.
(四).表语置于句首时，倒装结构为"表语+系动词(be)+主语"。
(1)形容词+be+主语
Present at the meeting was Mr. Green, a headmaster.
(2)分词+be+主语
Hidden behind the door were some naughty children.
Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people were looked down upon.
Hanging on the wall was a painting by Qi Baishi.
(3)介词短语+be+主语
In front of the playground is a newly-built house.
At the bottom of the bed was the stocking, now full of all kinds of small presents and sweets.
(4)such + be + 主语
Such was Albert Einstein, a simple but great scientist.
Such is the power of media that it can make a person famous overnight.
(五).有时由于主语较长，谓语很短，为保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时。
They arrived at a house, in front of which sat an old man.
(六).在一些表示祝愿的句子里。
Long live the Communist Party!
巩固练习
1. ______ and caught the mouse.
A. Up the cat jumped B. The cat up jumped
C. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat
2. ______ and the lesson began.
A. In came Mr Brown B. Mr Brown in came
C. In came he D. came in Mr Brown
3. Over _______ , dead.
A. rolling the goat B. rolled the goat
C. did the goat roll D. the goat rolled
4. —Where is my shirt, mum? —_________.
A. There is it B. There it is C. There is D. Here is it
5. —Where is your father?
—Oh, ________.
A. here he comes B. he here comes
C. here does he come D. here comes he
6. The door opened and there ________.
A. enters an old man B. entered an old man
C. did an old man enter D. an old man entered
7. Now ______ your turn to recite the text.
A. will come B. comes C. has come D. there is
8. ________ , playing soldiers.
A. Inside the room were two boys B. Inside the room two boys
C. Were two boys inside the room D. Inside the room was two boys
9. _______ who was wounded in the stomach.
A. Among them were a soldier B. Among them was a soldier
C. Among them a soldier was D. Among they was a soldier
10. Next door to ours ________ , who is no less than eighty.
A. that lives an old man B. does an old man live
C. lives an old man D. where lives an old man
11. ________ a beautiful palace ________ the foot of the hill.
A. There stand; at B. There stands; under
C. Stands there; under D. There stands; at
12. There ________. And here ________ .
A. goes the phone; she comes B. is the phone going; is she
C. does the phone go; does she come D. the phone goes; come she
13. Under a big tree ________, half asleep.
A. did sat a fat man B. a fat man sat
C. did a fat man sat D. sat a fat man
14. Out ________, with a stick in his hand.
A. did he rush B. rushed he C. he rushed D. he did rush
15. ________ from the top of the building when the policeman pointed the gun at him.
A. Jumped down the robber B. Jumped the robber down
C. Down jumped the robber D. Down the robber jumped
二、部分倒装（Partial Inversion）:指将谓语的一部分助动词、动词be或情态动词倒装至主语之前, 如果句中的谓语没有助动词、be 动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。常见于以下几种情况：
(一). 疑问句中，一般须部分倒装。如：
How long have you been here?
What do you think about the movie?
Why doesn’t he come here?
注意：当对句子的主语提问时，一般不用倒装语序。如：
Who did it just now?
What happened last night?
(二).含否定意义的副词或词组位于句首，如 never, hardly, seldom, little, few, not until, not, no longer, nowhere, by no means（决不），in no case (决不)，under no circumstances(在任何情况下都不)，in no case, in no way, on no accounts其后用部分倒装。如：
1. I have never read such a book.=Never have I seen read such a book.
2. She didn’t go to bed until twelve o’clock last night.
=Not until twelve o'clock did she go to bed last night .
3. He seldom goes out for dinner.
=Seldom does he go out for dinner.
4. She hardly has time to listen to music.
=Hardly____________________________.
5. He little realizes how important this meeting is.
= Little _______________________________.
6. Under no circumstances can we do something that does harm to our homeland.
7. On no accounts must this switch be touched.
（三）. 由not only…but also, hardly…when, scarcely…when…, no sooner…than…引导句子时，前一个句子用倒装，后一个句子不倒装。如：
1. Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet.
2. Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily.
________________________________________.
4.The bell hardly had rung when the class began.
= Hardly had the bell rung when the class began.
5. No sooner had he arrived in
注意：hardly…when; scarcely…when…; no sooner…than…引导从句时可以用正常语序 had hardly done when… did或用倒装句式Hardly/scarcely had + 主语+ done when… did；No sooner had +主语+ done than…did 句式。Hardly/ No sooner所在的句子用过去完成时。
练习
1. I finally got the work I dreamed about. Never in all my life________ so happy!
A. did I feel B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt
2. Not until I began to work ________how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize B. did I realize C. I didn't realize D. I realized
3. No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began B. has the game begun
C. did the game begin D. had the game begun
4. I __________ seen such a good harvest!
__________ I seen such a good harvest.
A. have never, Never have B. never have, Have never
C. have never, Have never D. never have, Never have
5. Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man know C. didn't man know D. did man know
6. No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began B. has the game begun
C. did the game begin D. had the game begun
7. Why can't I smoke here?
At no time___ in the meeting-room
A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted
C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit
8. Little _____ about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.
A. did Rose care B. Rose did care C. Rose does care D. does Rose care
9. —How was the televised debate last night?
---Super! Rarely_________ so much media attention.
A. a debate attracted B. did a debate attract
C. a debate did attract D. attracted a debate
10. I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means ______with my progress.
A. the teacher is not satisfied B. is the teacher not satisfied
C. the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied
11. The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only_______, but students became more interested in the lessons.
A. saved was teachers’ energy B. was teachers’ energy saved
C. teachers’ energy was saved D. was saved teachers’ energy
12. －Did Linda see the traffic accident?
－No, no sooner _______than it happened.
A. had she gone B. she had gone C. has she gone D. she has gone
13. Not until I came home last night ________ to bed.
A. Mum did go B. did Mum go C. went Mum D. Mum went
(四). only 加状语(副词 / 介词短语 / 状语从句)放在句首时，其后用部分倒装。如：
1. Only in this way can you do it well.
2. Only when he returned home did he find out the truth.
3. Only then did he realize that he was wrong.
练习：
1. Only in this way ________to make improvement in the operating system.
A. you can hope B. you did hope C. can you hope D. did you hope
2. Only then___________ how much damage had been caused.
A. she realized B. she had realized C. had she realized D. did she realize
3. _________ by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies.
A. Only B. Just C. Still D. Yet
4. Only after my friend came _________.
A. did the computer repair B. he repaired the computer
C. was the computer repaired D. the computer was repaired
(五). so / neither / nor 表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用“so / neither / nor+助动词/ 情态动词/ be+主语”这样的倒装句式。so用于肯定句中, neither/nor用于否定句.如：
He can sing English songs, and so can I.
He didn’t see the film, and neither did I.
You are young; so ______I.
She likes music; so _______ I.
She hasn’t read it; ____________ I.
If you won't go, neither _________I.
注意该结构与表示肯定或附和的“so+主语+动词”结构的区别：
1. ----"It was cold yesterday."
----"So it was." “昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。”
2. ----"Father, you promised."
---- "Well, so I did." “爸爸，你答应过的。”“嗯，是答应过。”
练习：
1. ----I don't think I can walk any further.
----________ , let's stop here for a rest.
A. Neither and I B. Neither can I C. I don't think so D. I think so
2. If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party, _______.
A. he will either B. neither will he C. he neither will D. either he will
3. —My room gets very cold at night.
—___________. (2007 江苏卷)
A. So is mine B. So mine is C. So does mine D. So mine does
4. Mary never does any reading in the evening, _________.（2005全国卷）
A. so does John B. John does so C. John doesn’t too D. nor does John
(六).在"so…that…”引导的结果状语从句中。如:
1. So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。
2. So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法想像它的速度。
练习：
1. So difficult _____it to live in an English-speaking country that I was determined to learn English well.
A. I've felt B have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel
2. So sudden ________ that the enemy had no time to escape.
A. did the attack B. the attack did C. was the attack D. the attack was
3. —Did you see who the driver was?
—No, so quickly_________ that I couldn’t gat a good look at his face.
A. did the car speed by B. the car sped by
4. C. does the car speed by D. the car speeds by
(七). 当虚拟条件句含有 were, should, had 时,可省略 if，将 were, should, had 置于句首。如：
1. Were I Tom(=If I were Tom), I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆，我就会拒绝。
2. Had I realized that(=If I had realized that), I would have done something. 我要是明白了这一点，我可能会采取某种行动。
3. Should it rain tomorrow(=If it should rain tomorrow), we would not go camping.明天要是下雨,我们就不去野营.
练习：
1. ________it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will
2. ________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be
3. What would have happened _______, as far as the river bank?
A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther
三、形式倒装(Formal Inversion)
形式上的倒装在语法上称为前置。它的特点是只把强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。常见的形式倒装句式主要如下：
(1). 感叹句
1. What an interesting story it is!
2. How fine it is!
(2). the more…, the more…句型
1. The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes.
2. The more you eat, the fatter you become.
注意：此句型中more代表的是形容词或副词的比较级，要灵活使用。
(3)as, though引导让步状语从句时，其句式为“形容词/副词/名词/动词原形+as (though)+主语+谓语”
1. Child as he is, he knows a lot.
2. Exhausted as she was, she wasn’t able to sleep.
3. Much as I admire her, I cannot excuse her faults.
4. Fail as I did, I wouldn’t abandon my goal
5. Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
注意：名词前置时，名词前不加任何冠词；主谓不倒装。
练习：
1. ________, I have never seen anyone who is as capable as John
A. As long as I have traveled B. Now that I have traveled so much
C. Much as I have traveled D. As I have traveled so much
2. ______, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.
A. Strange as might it sound B. As it might sound strang
C. As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound
3. ________, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.
A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be
C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student
4. _______,
A. Try as she might B. As she might try C. She might as try D. Might she as try
(4).由however(no matter how)、whatever(no matter what)引导的让步状语从句中。
1. However difficult the problem may be, we must work it out this evening.
2. Whatever reasons you have, you should carry out your promise.
注意：Whatever后接名词；用however时常构成以下的句式：However + adj / adv+主语+谓语。
练习：
1. ________, mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
A. However late is he B. However he is late
C. However is he late D. However late he is
2. You should try to get a good night’s sleep ______much work you have to do.
A. however B. no matter C. although D. whatever
【历年高考对倒装句的考查点】
1. 考查never置于句首时的倒装
当否定副词never置于句首时，其后习惯上要用部分倒装。如：
(1) Never in my wildest dreams _______ these people are living in such poor conditions. (安徽卷)
A. I could imagine B. could I imagine
C. I couldn’t imagine D. couldn’t I imagine
(2) Never before _________ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today. (上海卷)
A. has this city been B. this city has been
C. was this city D. this city was
2. 考查little置于句首时的倒装
当否定副词little置于句首时，其后习惯上要用部分倒装。如：
(1) Little _________ that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his own way in this business. (安徽卷)
A. he realized B. he didn’t realize
C. didn’t he realize D. did he realize
(2) They have a good knowledge of English but little ______ they know about German (天津卷)
A. have B. did C. had D. do
3. 考查seldom置于句首时的倒装
当否定副词seldom置于句首时，其后习惯上要用部分倒装。如：
(1) Seldom _________ any apology when mistakes are made.
A. we receive B. do we receive
C. we received D. did we receive
(2) Seldom _________ an article that was so full of lies.
A. have I read B. I have read C. had I read D. I had read
4. 考查hardly / scarcely置于句首时的倒装
当否定副词hardly, scarcely等置于句首时，其后习惯上要用部分倒装。如：
Hardly _____
A. had they reached B. they had reached
C. have the reached D. they have reached
5. 考查no sooner等置于句首时的倒装
当no sooner, no longer等结构置于句首时，其后习惯上要用部分倒装。如：
(1) —Did Linda see the traffic accident?
—No, no sooner _________ than it happened. (天津卷)
A. had she gone B. she had gone
C. has she gone D. she has gone
(2) No sooner _________ mowing the lawn than it started raining.
A. have I started B. I have started
C. had I started D. I had started
6. 考查nowhere置于句首时的倒装
当否定副词nowhere置于句首时，其后习惯上要用部分倒装。如：
Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else _________such a beautiful place. (辽宁卷)
A. can you find B. you could find
C. you can find D. could you find
7. 考查by no means等置于句首时的倒装
当表示否定意义的副词性短语by no mearns, on no accounts, in no case, at no time等置于句首时，其后习惯上要用部分倒装。如：
I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _________ with my progress. (重庆卷)
A. the teacher is not satisfied B. is the teacher not satisfied
C. the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied
8. 考查not only置于句首时的倒装
当not only…but also句式的not only部分置于句首时，其后习惯上要用部分倒装。如：
_________ snacks and drinks but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest. (上海)
A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring
C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring
9. 考查not until置于句首时的倒装
当not…until句式转换成not until且置于句首时，其后的主句部分习惯上要用部分倒装。如：
Not until I began to work _________ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize B. did I realize
C. I didn't realize D. I realized
10. 考查“only+状语”置于句首时的倒装
当“only+状语”置于句首时，其后习惯上要用部分倒装。如：
(1) Only then _________ how much damage had been caused. (陕西卷)
A. she realized B. she had realized
C. had she realized D. did she realize
(2) _________ by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies. (浙江卷)
A. Only B. Just C. Still D. Yet
11. 考查“so+adj / adv”置于句首时的倒装
当so…that句式的“so+ adj / adv”部分置于句首时，其后习惯上要用部分倒装。如：
(1) _________ that Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere. (陕西卷)
A. So successful her business was B. So successful was her business
C. So her business was successful D. So was her successful business
(2) So difficult _________ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. (广东卷)
A. I did find B. did I find C. I have found D. have I found
12. 考查类似“so do I”结构的倒装
So do I这类结构表示的是前面提出的某一肯定的情况，后者也同样适用，通常可译为“……也一样”“……也是如此”。如：
(1) — My room gets very cold at night.
— _________. (江苏卷)
A. So is mine B. So mine is C. So does mine D. So mine does
(2) —It’s burning hot today, isn’t it?
—Yes. _________ yesterday. (福建卷)
A. So was it B. So it was C. So it is D. So is it
13. 考查类似“nor / neither do I”结构的倒装
nor [neither] do I这类结构表示的是前面提出的某一否定的情况，后者也同样适用，通常可译为“……也一样”“……也是如此”。如：
If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party, _________ . (全国II)
A. he will either B. neither will he
C. he neither will D. either he will