英语被动语态快速掌握：doc全文下载 href="/Upload/UploadFiles//coach_UploadFiles_8112/201311/2013112710034191.doc">高中英语被动语态快速掌握：doc全文下载
被动语态
一、被动语态的意义: 语态用于说明主语和谓语的关系,它包括主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如：We clean our classroom every day.
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 例如： Our classroom is cleaned by us every day.
二、被动语态的构成： be + 动词的过去分词 be 必须与主语的人称、数一致。
初中阶段应该掌握的被动语态的结构为：
一般现在时的被动语态：am/ is / are+过去分词
English is taught in that school. 那个学校教英语。
We are asked to answer some questions in class. 课上我们被要求回答一些问题。
I am often found by my brother first. 我经常第一个被发现。
一般过去时的被动语态：was/ were +过去分词
The song was written by Shi Guangna. 那首歌是施光南写的。
These shoes were bought for my sisters. 这些鞋子是给我的姐妹们买的。
含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be +过去分词
That old woman must be sent to hospital at once. 那位老太太马上送医院。
She may be taken to the police station. 她可能会被带到警察局。
It can’t be written with pencils. 不能用铅笔写（它）。
其他形式的被动语态需要了解一下：
1．动词不定式的被动语态： to be done
2. 其他时态的被动语态： 现在进行时被动语态：am/ is /are being done
过去进行时被动语态：was/ were being done
现在完成时被动语态： have/ has been done
过去完成时被动语态： had been done
一般将来时被动语态： will be done
am/ is/are going to be done
过去将来时被动语态： would be done
was/ were going to be done
三、主动语态变为被动语态的方法
1. 主动结构的宾语变为被动结构的主语。
They made this kite yesterday afternoon. This kite was made yesterday afternoon by them.
昨天下午他们做了这只风筝。 这只风筝是他们昨天下午做的。
2. 主动结构的谓语动词由主动语态变为被动语态。
We took the sick boy to hospital at once. The sick boy was taken to hospital at once.
我们立刻把那个生病的男孩送到了医院。 那个生病的男孩立刻被送往了医院。
3. 主动结构的主语变为介词by 的宾语。
She cleans all the desks every day. All the desks are cleaned by her every day.
她每天擦所有的桌子。 每天所有的桌子都是她擦的。
4. 带双宾语动词的主动结构可把直接宾语或间接宾语改为被动语态的主语。
He gave me a present on my birthday. 我生日那天他送了我一件礼物。
I was given a present on my birthday. / A present was given to me on my birthday.
5. 带复合宾语的动词变被动语态，只把宾语变为主语，原来的宾语补足语留在原处。主动语态中，有些动词要求后面用不带to 的不定式作宾语补足语，若变为被动语态时，一律加to. 例如：
1) She made her students do a lot of homework last Sunday.
上个星期天，她让她的学生做了很多作业。
Her students were made to do a lot of homework last Sunday.
上个星期天，她的学生被迫做了很多作业。
2) We often hear the boy play the piano in his room.
我们经常听到这个男孩在房间时弹钢琴。
The boy is often heard to play the piano in his room.
这个男孩经常被听到在房间里弹钢琴。
3) I let them go into the cinema first just now. 刚才我让他们先进电影院了。
They were let to go into the cinema first just now. 刚才他们被允许先进电影院了。
* 注意：
1. 不及物动词没有被动语态，但有的不及物动词后跟一个介词或副词，其作用相当于一个及物动词。这时，介词或副词不能省。例如：
1) His father can look after him. He can be looked after by his father.
他的父亲能够照顾他。 他能够被他的父亲照顾。
2)We took care of the old man last year. The old man was taken care of by us.
去年我们照顾那位老人的。 去年那个老人是我们照顾的。
3) Her classmates often laugh at her. She is often laughed at by her classmates.
她的同学经常笑她。 她经常被她的同学嘲笑。
4) The scientists found out a good idea at last. A good idea was found out by the scientists at last.
最后，科学家们找到了一个好的办法。 一个好办法最后终于被科学家们找到了。
2. 某些动词形式上是主动语态，但含有被动的意思。
This book sells well. 这本书畅销。
This coat feels smooth and soft. 这件大衣摸起来光滑柔软。
This kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很耐洗。
3. 有些动词不能用被动语态。如：happen, take place
What happened just now? 刚才发生什么事了？
Great changes have taken place in my hometown since five years ago.
五年以来，我的家乡发生的巨大的变化。
* grow
Rice is grown in east and south
The rice in this field grows well. 这块田里的水稻长势不错。
* sell
This book sells well. 这本书很畅销。
This book is sold in that bookshop. 这本书那家书店有卖。
Exercises One
单项选择
( )1. She often _____ by her classmates.
A. laughed B. laughed at C. laughing D. been laughed
( )2. After the room ______, we’ll go on a holiday.
A. paint B. paints C. will paint D. is painted
( )3. –Have all the students known that our class will visit the Great Wall tomorrow?
-- Yes. Every student _______ about it.
A. tells B. told C. was told D. has told
( )4. I wasn’t at home yesterday. I ______ t help with Tommy’s party.
A. asked B. was asked C. was asking D. had asked
( )5. This kind of car _____ well. It’s quite popular.
A. sell B. sells C. is sold D. is selling
( )6. MADE IN CHINA can _______ on many things even in
A. been seen B. see C. sees D. saw
( )7. Old people should _______ politely.
A. be spoken B. speak C. be spoken to D. speaks
( )8. –Have you heard of the tide wave?
--Yes, I watched it on TV. Millions of people _________ in it.
A. were killed B. killed C. kill D. were killing
( )9. I was surprised to hear that the colour TV set _______ him 8000 yuan.
A. has cost B. cost C. costed D. was cost
( )10. –What a beautiful TV set! How long have you had it?
-- For two months. It _______ on my last birthday.
A. is bought B. buy C. bought D. was bought
( )11. I like this sweater because it ______ so soft and warm.
A. is feeling B. feels C. has felt D. is felt
( )12. The children should _______ not to break the traffic rules.
A. be told b. told C. tell D. telling
( )13. The young trees ______ well if they _______.
A. won’t grow, don’t take care B. don’t grow, are taken good care of
C. don’t grow, don’t take good care of D. won’t grow, aren’t taken good care of
( )14. If the child _____ , please telephone the police.
A. found B. is found C. will find D. has found
( )15. Sheep _____ by farmers for _____ wool and meat.
A. are kept , producing B. kept, making C. keep, growing D. is kept, getting
Exercises Two
一、将下列句子译成中文。
1) They made this kite yesterday afternoon.
2) This kite was made by them yesterday afternoon.
3) They took the sick boy to the hospital at once.
4) The sick boy was taken to the hospital at once.
5) Someone wrote a few words on the blackboard just now.
6) A few words were written on the blackboard just now.
7) They invented these things hundreds of years ago.
8) These things were invented hundreds of years ago.
9) She made her students do a lot of homework last Sunday.
10）Her students were made to do a lot of homework last Sunda
二、翻译下列句子。
1.这张桌子是木头的。
2. 刀是用来切东西的。
3. 新疆盛产棉花。
4. 在世界上英语被广泛地使用。
5. 苏州出产丝绸。
6. 我的手表是上海产的。
7. 这个博物馆是什么时候建的？
8. 这个不是他发明的。
9. 湿衣服刚才挂出去了。
10. 中华人民共和国是
11. 过去这个东西是用来做什么的？
三、将下列句子改成被动语态
1． She often gives me some help with my English.
2． We call these writing brushes in English.
3． People grow rice in East and
4． We speak Chinese as our first language.
5． Tom often breaks glasses.
6． I buy some flowers for my parents every year.
7． She hangs out the wet clothes at night.
8． They use a lift to go up and down every day.
9． He closes all the windows before he goes to bed.
10． Lucy often puts her bag on this desk.
11． He often sings this song when he is happy.
四、用所给动词的适当形式填空（注意主动、被动语态）
1. Knives ___________(use) for cutting things.
2. English __________(teach) in our school.
3. Tom’s shirt __________(make) of silk.
4. They ___________(send) us some books every year.
5. Many new kinds of trousers _________( sell) in her shop.
6. Tom ________(take) to his hometown once a week.
7. I ____________(tell ) about her story sometimes.
8. I __________(wake) up by my mother every morning.
9. She often__________(stay) with her parents at weekends.
10. His diaries __________(write) in English.
五、句型转换
1. Many books are sold in this bookshop. (改成否定句)
2. Trains are made in Zhuzhou. ( 对划线部分提问)
3. Homework is done every day. （ 一般疑问句）
4. Many photos are taken every day. （ 用he 改成主动语态）
5. Mike saved this boy yesterday afternoon.（5—10改成被动语态）
6. Cousteau invented the scuba machine.
7. These scientists found out a good idea at last.
8. The police caught the thief yesterday.
9. The tiger ate a deer just now.
10. He took this photo with a digital camera.
六、将下列句子变成主动语态
1. This church was built thousands of years ago.
People
2. The biggest egg wasn’t laid by the yellow hen.
3. Were the desks cleaned by her?
4. English isn’t spoken as the first language in
People in
七、用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. What ______ your brother _____(do) when the teacher came in?
2. Please tell him _________(not speak) so quietly.
3. This bottle is full. It _______(fill) with oil.
4. I will go back as soon as I __________(finish) it tomorrow.
5. Which language __________the most widely ___________(use) in the world now?
6. Lily’s bike ___________(mend) by her father 2 days ago.
7. A new road ___________(build)last year.
8. How long ________ she ________(be) in
9. The radio says there ____________(be ) a strong wind tomorrow.
10. Everyone should make a contribution to _______(keep) our earth clean.
11. I wonder where and when _________(meet) tomorrow morning.
八、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. ________(brush) are used for doing many different things.
2. __________(
3. Every year, a large number of _________(travel) come to the islands.
4. All the shop ________(own) must obey the rules.
5. The wet clothes were ___________(hang) out last night.
6. We should learn how _________(eat ) __________(health) .
7. Are you able ________(climb) so high?
8. This ________(invent) has had 200 _________(invent) so far.
九、将下列句子变成被动语态
1. He cut down the tree last Sunday.
2. They found the answer to the question at last.
3. I wrote a letter in English just now.
4. Mike didn’t ask any questions yesterday.
5. Did they made a kite 2 days ago.
十、将下列句子变成主动语态
1. She was invited to the party yesterday.
I
2. The students were told not to play with the fire.
The headmaster
3. Were you taken to the cinema last night?
Your father
4. This kite wasn't made by Tom.
5. Is rice grown in NT?
People
十一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. Knives are used for __________(cut ) things.
2. Three quarters of the information on the Internet __________(write) in English.
3. A man-made satellite _________(send) to the space yesterday.
4. Why not ________(go) there and ________(have) a look?
5. When ________the PRC ________ (found) ? In 1949.
6. Millions of years ago, tools(工具) ________(make) of stones.
7. When __________these buildings _________(build)?
8. They __________(build) tens of building since ten years ago.
9. Tom ________(tell ) not to sleep in class just now.
10. Many trees ________(plant) every year.
十二、翻译下列句子
1. 很久以前他去了西藏。 不久我们也要去西藏了。
- 共青团是什么时候成立的？ 是1922年5 月成立的。
- 中国人民解放军建立于
- 刚才杯子被Lucy 打坏了吗？
- 昨天课上他没被老师提问。
十三、将下列句子变成被动语态
1. We should help the poor.
2.We mustn’t take the books out of the reading room.
3. She can finish her composition on time.
4.You may cut the vegetables with my knife.
5. Mike asked a good question just now.
6. We borrowed some chairs yesterday.
7. She often uses a lift to go up and down.
8. We plant many trees every spring.
9. We teach English in our school.
10.She took some photos last Sunday.