状语从句和并列句
【把握考情特点】
状语从句
【锁定高考考点】
⊙让步状语从句
1(2012年湖南高考). hard you try; it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
A. However B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Whenever
答案：选A 句意：不减少进食，无论你怎么努力，要减肥是困难的。其他几个选项语义不通。however “无论怎么”在此引导让步状语从句=no matter how。
2. (2012年湖南高考). _____I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A.
A. While B. Once C. If D. Until
答案：选A 句意：尽管我老觉得我会通过考试，然而，我从来不曾想过会得“A等”。根据上下文可以看出，题干需要一个引导让步状语从句的连词。while在这里等于though。
3.(2012·全国卷Ⅰ)I don't believe we've met before， I must say you do look familiar.
A. therefore B. although C. since D. unless
解析：选B。考查连词。句意：虽然我必须要说你看起来很熟悉，但我不相信我们之前见过。前后两分句间为转折关系，故选although(虽然，尽管)。
4(2011·江西高考)Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon， or it is convenient to you.
A. whenever B. however C. whichever D. wherever
解析：选A。本题考查由whenever 引导的让步状语从句。 句意：请叫我的秘书安排今天下午的一个会议，或者无论你什么时候方便(都可以)。
5.(2010·湖南高考)Tim is in good shape physically he doesn't get much exercise.
A. if B. even though C. unless D. as long as
解析：选B。考查从属连词。根据前后两句所述可知，它们之间为让步关系。故用even though“即使”，引导让步状语从句。
⊙时间状语从句
1.(2012·山东高考)He smiled politely Mary apologized for her drunken friends.
A. as B. if C. unless D. though
解析：选A。考查状语从句。句意：当Mary为她喝醉了朋友道歉时，他礼貌地微笑着。根据句意，此处只能用as引导时间状语从句。if“如果”；unless“除非”；though“虽然”。
2.(2011·上海高考)If a lot of people say a film is not good， I won't bother to see it， or I'll wait it comes out on DVD.
A. whether B. after C. though D. until
解析：选D。句意：如果很多人都说一部电影不好，我就不会去(电影院)看，或者我会等到它的DVD出版。until到……时，此处引导时间状语从句。
3.(2010·福建高考)The girl had hardly rung the bell the door was opened suddenly，and her friend rushed out to greet her.
A. before B. until C. as D. since
解析：选A。本题考查连词。根据句中前后的时态判断，had hardly rung为过去完成时，was opened为一般过去时，故前者动作应该发生在后者动作之前，可以判断用“before”。另外，从意义判断，before意为“在……之前；来不及”，故也应选A。句意：小女孩还没来得及按门铃，门就突然开了，并且她的朋友冲出来问候她。
⊙条件状语从句
1.(2012·福建高考)It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties it gets more financial support from the European Union.
A. if B. unless C. because D. since
解析：选B。考查连词的用法。句意：对希腊政府来说，如果从欧盟得不到更多的财政支援，很难克服目前的困难。unless“除非”，引导条件状语从句，符合题意。
2.(2010·江西高考)—Our holiday cost a lot of money.
—Did it？ Well, that doesn't matter you enjoyed yourselves.
A. as long as B. unless C. as soon as D. though
解析：选A。考查连词辨析。由对话语境可知，空格后的一句是空格前一句的前提条件。故A项意思相符。as long as只要。
⊙目的状语从句
1.(2012· 辽宁高考)Leave your key with your neighbor you lock yourself out one day.
A. as long as B. even though C. in case D. as if
解析：选C。考查连词。句意：把你的钥匙留给你的邻居，以防你把自己锁在外面了。as long as“只要”；even though“尽管”；in case“以防”；as if“好像”。所以选C。
2.(2011·上海高考)The police officers in our city work hard the rest of us can live a safe life.
A. in case B. as if C. in order that D. only if
解析：选C。句意：为了让我们过上安定的生活，我们城市里的警察工作很努力。in order that“为了……”，引导目的状语从句。
⊙方式状语从句
(2011·湖南高考)Jack wasn't saying anything， but the teacher smiled at him he had done something very clever.
A. as if B. in case C. while D. thought
解析：选A。考查状语从句。 as if 意为“ 似乎， 好像”， 引导方式状语从句。句意：Jack 什么也没说，但老师向他笑了笑，好像他做了件聪明的事情一样。
⊙原因状语从句
1.(2012·重庆高考)—Coach, can I continue with the training?
—Sorry, you can't you haven't recovered from the knee injury.
A. until B. before C. as D. unless
解析：选C。考查连词的用法。根据句意“教练，我可以继续训练吗？”“很抱歉，不可以，因为你的膝盖受伤还没有恢复过来”可知，此处应用引导原因状语从句的连接词as。故选C项。
2.(2010·辽宁高考)The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair he wanted to sit next to his wife.
A. although B. unless C. because D. if
解析：选C。考查连词辨析。句意：那个老人让Lucy去坐另一张椅子，因为他想挨着他妻子坐。后面的从句表示原因，故填because。
⊙地点状语从句
1.(2012·四川高考)If you happen to get lost in the wild, you'd better stay you are and wait for help.
A. why B. where C. who D. what
解析：选B。考查地点状语从句。where引导的地点状语表明主句动作发生的地点。后半句句意：你最好待在你现在所在的地方等待帮助。故选B。
2.(2010·重庆高考)Today, we will begin we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.
A. when B. where C. how D. what
解析：选B。考查状语从句。where在此处引导地点状语从句。
[题后反思与领悟]
1. as引导让步状语从句时单数名词作表语，其前不用冠词是考生的易错点。
2.熟练掌握when、while和as的用法区别是解决时间状语从句的关键。
3.before的一词多义及各种句式是出错率最高的考点。
4. 其他连词的选择在正确把握语境的前提下一般都能够作出正确答案。
【突破重点难点】
一、状语从句连接词的选用
|
|
常用引导词 |
特殊引导词 |
|
时间状语从句 |
When, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since, till, until, once |
the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, no sooner ... than, hardly ... when |
|
地点状语从句 |
where |
Wherever, anywhere, everywhere |
|
原因状语从句 |
because, since, as, for |
now that, in that, considering that |
|
目的状语从句 |
so that, in order that |
in case, for fear that |
|
结果状语从句 |
so ... that, such ... that |
such that |
|
条件状语从句 |
If, unless |
as/so long as, only if, in case, on condition that |
|
让步状语从句 |
though， although， even if， even though |
as, while (一般用在句首), no matter ..., in spite of the fact that, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever |
|
比较状语从句 |
as(同级比较)，than(不同程度的比较) |
the more ... the more ...； no ... more than； not as/ so ... as ... |
|
方式状语从句 |
as， as if， how |
the way |
二、as引导让步状语从句时要使用倒装结构，常把作表语的形容词、名词，作状语的副词或谓语的一部分提到句首，如果是单数名词作表语，其前不用冠词。
(2012•陕西卷•18)Hot as the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
尽管晚间的空气很热,我们还是睡得很沉,因为走了那么长的路程后我们累坏了。
三、when、while和as的区别
when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬间动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。while引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。并且while 有时还可以表示对比。as表示“一边……一边……”，as 引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后”。
(2012•全国卷Ⅱ•11)I had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
我刚到办公室,妻子就打电话让我马上回家。
四、before的用法是每年必考的语法项目，常和since，when，until，that等放于具体语境中进行考查。before的常考意义及句型结构如下：
1. 表示“在……之前就……”；
2. 表示“过了多久后才……；动作进行到什么程度才……”；
3. 表示“来不及； 尚未……就……”；
4. 表示“不知不觉就……； 还没弄清就……”；
5. 用于句型“it was ＋时间段＋ before ...” 表示 “过了多久才……”；
6. 用于句型 “it was not long before ...” 意为“不久就……”；
7. 用于句型“it will be＋时间段＋ before ...”表示“要过多久……才……”。
(2010•陕西•20)John thinks it won't be long before he is ready for his new job.
约翰认为他不久就会为新工作做好准备了。
Please write it down before you forget it.
趁你现在没忘把它记下来。
五、由since引导的时间状语从句
since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬间动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is＋时间＋since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。
(2011•四川卷•6)As is reported， it is 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.
据报道，自清华大学建立以来已有一百年了。
【演练命题热点】
1.(2012·福安一中高三模拟) It is human nature to think back to a golden age one's country was strong and respected.
A. if B. when C. while D. after
解析：选B。考查时间状语从句的连接词。句意：当一个国家强盛并受到尊敬时，回忆过去的黄金时代是人类的天性。when在句中连接时间状语从句。while强调主句和从句动作同时发生，故可排除。
2.(2012·扬州中学高三模拟) During the reconstruction of the city， many modern tall buildings went up old shabby houses were torn down.
A. where B. in what
C. in which D. which
解析：选A。考查地点状语从句的连接词。句意：在城市重建期间，许多现代化的高楼在破旧房屋被拆的地方建起。
3.(2012·淮南二中高三模拟) The engineers are so busy that they have no time for outdoor sports activities， they have the interest.
A. wherever B. as if
C. even if D. whenever
解析：选C。考查让步状语从句的连接词。句意：那些工程师如此忙以至于他们没有时间参加户外体育活动，尽管他们很感兴趣。根据句意选择C，even if“即使，尽管”引导让步状语从句。wherever“无论在哪”；as if“好像，似乎”；whenever“不论什么时候”。
4.(2012·金华一中高三模拟) we are united，there is no difficulty we can't overcome.
A. In order that B. If only
C. So long as D. Even if
解析：选C。考查条件状语从句的连接词。句意：只要我们团结一心，什么困难都能克服。so long as“只要”，符合句意。
5.(2012·枣庄三中高三模拟) We should do what we have to do we can do what we want to do in the future.
A. so that B. in case
C. for fear that D. now that
解析：选A。考查目的状语从句的连接词。句意：我们应该做我们应该做的一切，以便于在将来我们能够做我们想做的事情。so that“以便”，在此处引导一个目的状语从句。
6.(2012·西安交大附中高三模拟) Be patient with your students it takes time for them to adjust to their new way of school life.
A. and B. so
C. as D. or
解析：选C。考查原因状语从句的连接词。句意：要有耐心的对待你的学生，因为对于他们来说适应新的的学校生活方式需要花费一些时间。前后存在因果关系，故使用as引导原因状语从句。
7.(2012·青岛二中高三模拟) A young couple in a boat were eating， talking and laughing loudly they were the only people in the world.
A. as if B. as long as
C. now that D. in order that
解析：选A。考查方式状语的连接词。句意：游船里的一对夫妇在吃着东西，大声地谈论着、笑着，好像他们是这个世界上的唯一。as if“似乎，好像”，在句中引导方式状语从句。as long as “只要”； now that“既然”；in order that“为了”。
8.(2012·湖南长郡中学高三模拟) that they may eventually reduce the amount of labor needed on construction sites by 90 percent.
A. Such construction robots are clever
B. So clever the construction robots are
C. Such clever construction robots are
D. So clever are the construction robots
答案：选D。考查结果状语从句。在so ... that ... 或such ... that ... 引导的结果状语从句中，当so或 such位于句首时，主句要采用部分倒装形式。
并列句
【锁定高考考点】
⊙转折/对比并列连词
1.(2012·全国卷Ⅰ)You have to move out of the way the truck cannot get past you.
A. so B. or
C. and D. but
解析：选B。考查并列连词。句意：你必须让让路，否则那辆卡车没法从你这过去。or“否则”，此处连接一个并列句。
2.(2012·四川高考)At school， some students are active some are shy， yet they can be good friends with one another.
A. while B. although
C. so D. as
解析：选A。考查并列连词。句意：在学校，一些学生很活跃而一些却很害羞，然而他们都可能彼此成为好朋友。根据句意选while，表示两个分句中两种情况的对比。
3.(2011·全国卷Ⅰ)－Someone wants you on the phone.
－ nobody knows I am here.
A. Although B. And
C. But D. So
解析： 选C。考查连词辨析。 句意：——有人打电话找你。 ——但是没有人知道我在这里呀。 因此空白处填But， 表转折关系。
⊙联合并列连词
1. (2012湖南高考)Bicycling is good exercise; _______, it does not pollute the air.
A. nevertheless B. besides C. otherwise D. therefore
答案：选B 题干前后表示的是叠加意义: 好的锻炼;不污染空气,所以用besides “除了…(还…)”; 答案A意为 “然而”；C “要不然”；D“所以”。
2.(2012·四川高考)This training program can give you a lift at work， increase your income by 40%.
A. as well as B. as long as
C. so much as D. as soon as
解析：选A。考查介词as构成的短语的用法。A项意为“除……之外(还有)；和”；B项意为“只要”；C项意为“与……一样多”(不用于肯定句)；D项意为“一……就”。句意：这个培训计划除了可以提高你的收入40%之外，还能够让你在工作方面得到提升。
3.(2011·山东高考)Find ways to praise your children often， you'll find they will open their hearts to you .
A. till B. or
C. and D. but
解析：选C。考查句式结构。这是一个“祈使句＋and ＋陈述句”结构。句意：经常找一些方法表扬你的孩子们，你会发现他们将会向你敞开心扉。后面的陈述句表达的是前面祈使句顺承的结果，所以用and。如果陈述句表达的是与前面祈使句相反的结果，则用or。
[题后反思与领悟]
解答连词类题目，关键是根据题意，判断出前后两句的关系，再对各选项的用法区分进行正确选择，这样，便可轻松应对此类题目。
【突破重点难点】
并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组或分句，主要分为以下几类。
一、转折/对比并列连词
常见的表示转折关系的并列连词包括but， yet， while(而)等。其中，while连接并列句时，两分句之间是对比关系。
I like English while he loves Chinese.我喜爱英语，而他喜欢汉语。
二、联合并列连词
常用的表示平行或对等关系的联合并列连词有and， not only ... but also， as well as 等。
（2011•山东卷•23） Find ways to praise your children often, and you'll find they will open their hearts to you. 找到各种方式经常表扬你的孩子，你就会发现他们会对你敞开心扉。
三、选择并列连词
表示选择关系的并列连词有：or， either ... or等。
Would you like leave or would you like to stay? 你是想走还是想留？
四、因果并列连词
表示因果关系的并列连词有：for， so等。
The leaves of the trees are falling, for it's already autumn. 树叶在落下，因为秋天已经到来了。
【演练命题热点】
1.(2012·河北衡水中学高三模拟) Tom looked upon the test as an obstacle his classmates regarded it as a challenge.
A. while B. because
C. unless D. if
解析：选A。考查并列连词的用法。句意：Tom把这次考试看作一个障碍而他的同学们把它看作一次挑战。此处while表对比。
2.(2012·华中师大一附中高三模拟)Napoleon's story proves that to be a hero has nothing to do with size with a smart mind and a brave heart.
A. and B. so
C. or D. but
解析：选D。考查并列连词的用法。句意：拿破仑的故事证明成为英雄和身材大小无关而是和敏锐的思想、勇敢的精神有关。此句是not ... but ... 结构。
3.(2012·重庆南开中学高三模拟) －Hi，David，I heard you had an accident this morning.
－Yes. Luckily，I hit the brake in time I would be injured badly.
A. and B. but
C. or D. so
解析：选C。考查并列连词的用法。句意：——大卫，听说你今天上午遭遇了一场交通事故。——是的，幸运的是我及时刹住了车，否则的话我会严重受伤的。or在句中意为“否则；要不然”。
4.(2012·福建厦门一中高三模拟) I thought we'd be late for the concert， we ended up getting there ahead of time.
A. but B. or
C. so D. for
解析：选A。考查并列连词的用法。句意：我原以为我们去音乐会会迟到，但结果我们提前到达了那里。根据句意可知，前后两句表示转折关系，所以用but。
5.(2012·山东省实验中学高三模拟) The sun is bigger than the moon， we all know it.
A. as B. which
C. and D. that
解析：选C。考查并列连词的用法。句意：太阳比月亮大，我们大家都知道。此句不缺任何成分，不是定语从句，只能是并列句。
6.(2012·苏州中学高三模拟) Yesterday，I forgot to pick my son up， he waited in the kindergarten for nearly two hours.
A. for B. while
C. when D. so
解析：选D。考查并列连词的用法。句意：昨天，我忘记了去接儿子，结果他在幼儿园里等了接近两个小时。so表示因果关系，意为“因此”。