在六级听力考试中，内涵与推理（Implied Meaning and Inference）题型是难度较大的一类题型，而短语的内涵意义则是内涵与推理题型中最难掌握的一部分。在对话中说话人常借用一些短语、习语或惯用法来表明自己的观点和态度。这类题型的四个选择项比较凌乱，涉及面较广，但所提的问题较为集中，通常为：What does the man／woman mean？或 What do we learn from the conversation？有时尽管我们听清了录音的内容，但若不清楚其中短语、习语或惯用法的含义，因而也不能正确理解对话的内涵。例如当一方用“Would you mind my doing something？这一惯用法来征求对方对做某事的意见时，对方如果赞同，用“No；不同意，用“Yes。如果学生不了解这一点，按照YES和NO的一般用法去理解，则必错无疑。又如It’s out of the question．意为“完全不可能，办不到的”，而It’s out of question．则为“毫无疑问，可以办到的”。如果把两者意义混淆，或在听音中漏听了冠词 the，就会得到截然相反的结果。这就要求考生不仅要掌握一些短语、习语和惯用法，就连像the这样的小词也不可放过。
下面就以几道精选的六级真题为例，说明理解短语、习语和惯用法的重要性。
例1．
W： I can’t figure out what’s wrong with my watch．It was just a month ago that Ihad it repaired．
M：Don’t waste your time and money any more．It’s a very old watch and is quite worn out．
Q：What does the man mean？
A）It will take about one month to repair the watch．
B）The woman should have saved more money．
C）It is a good idea to keep the old watch．
D）The watch is no longer worth repairing．
本题很容易，答案为D）。figure out意为“弄清、算出”。而worn out则表示“被穿破，被用旧”。no longer意为“不再”。答错的考生有一部分是对上述三个固定搭配用法不熟，还有一部分是不理解“Don’t waste your time and money any more．”的言外之意，它的意思是“这表已不值得一修了”，也有的是对“no longer worth repairing”这一用法不熟悉。
例2．
M：I am getting absolutely nowhere with these physics problems．
W：How about my going through them with you？
Q：What does the woman mean？
A）She could help him with the problems．
B）He could go out for a while．
C）She could go out together with him．
D）He should do the problems himself．
答案为A）。get nowhere意为“束手无策，毫无结果”。例如：Too much hurry will get you to nowhere．欲速则不达。go through意为“做一遍，看一遍”。答对本题的关键是正确理解get nowhere和go through这两个口语中常用的短语。大约50％的考生因不熟悉这两个短语而误选了C）项或D）项。
例3．
M：Of the two houses we have seen，which one do you think fits our needs better，the first one or the second one？
W：The second one．It seems very expensive，but in the long run it will save us the money on the maintenance．
Q：What does the woman say about the reason for her choice？
A）The first house they saw is too expensive．
B）They may save some money for the time being．
C）She is happy with the price set by the seller．
D）Less money will be spent in maintaining the house．
答案为D）。女士在陈述选择哪一所房子时有一个转折：“房子虽然比较贵，但从长远来看可以节省维修费。”这是女士所说的理由。但要理解这句话必须听懂in the long run和the money on the maintenance的意思。in the long run意为“从长远来看”。
在六级听力考试中，内涵与推理（Implied Meaning and Inference）题型是难度较大的一类题型，而短语的内涵意义则是内涵与推理题型中最难掌握的一部分。在对话中说话人常借用一些短语、习语或惯用法来表明自己的观点和态度。这类题型的四个选择项比较凌乱，涉及面较广，但所提的问题较为集中，通常为：What does the man／woman mean？或 What do we learn from the conversation？有时尽管我们听清了录音的内容，但若不清楚其中短语、习语或惯用法的含义，因而也不能正确理解对话的内涵。例如当一方用“Would you mind my doing something？这一惯用法来征求对方对做某事的意见时，对方如果赞同，用“No；不同意，用“Yes。如果学生不了解这一点，按照YES和NO的一般用法去理解，则必错无疑。又如It’s out of the question．意为“完全不可能，办不到的”，而It’s out of question．则为“毫无疑问，可以办到的”。如果把两者意义混淆，或在听音中漏听了冠词 the，就会得到截然相反的结果。这就要求考生不仅要掌握一些短语、习语和惯用法，就连像the这样的小词也不可放过。
下面就以几道精选的六级真题为例，说明理解短语、习语和惯用法的重要性。
例1．
W： I can’t figure out what’s wrong with my watch．It was just a month ago that Ihad it repaired．
M：Don’t waste your time and money any more．It’s&n
[1] [2] [3] [4] 下一页
bsp;a very old watch and is quite worn out．
Q：What does the man mean？
A）It will take about one month to repair the watch．
B）The woman should have saved more money．
C）It is a good idea to keep the old watch．
D）The watch is no longer worth repairing．
本题很容易，答案为D）。figure out意为“弄清、算出”。而worn out则表示“被穿破，被用旧”。no longer意为“不再”。答错的考生有一部分是对上述三个固定搭配用法不熟，还有一部分是不理解“Don’t waste your time and money any more．”的言外之意，它的意思是“这表已不值得一修了”，也有的是对“no longer worth repairing”这一用法不熟悉。
例2．
M：I am getting absolutely nowhere with these physics problems．
W：How about my going through them with you？
Q：What does the woman mean？
A）She could help him with the problems．
B）He could go out for a while．
C）She could go out together with him．
D）He should do the problems himself．
答案为A）。get nowhere意为“束手无策，毫无结果”。例如：Too much hurry will get you to nowhere．欲速则不达。go through意为“做一遍，看一遍”。答对本题的关键是正确理解get nowhere和go through这两个口语中常用的短语。大约50％的考生因不熟悉这两个短语而误选了C）项或D）项。
例3．
M：Of the two houses we have seen，which one do you think fits our needs better，the first one or the second one？
W：The second one．It seems very expensive，but in the long run it will save us the money on the maintenance．
Q：What does the woman say about the reason for her choice？
A）The first house they saw is too expensive．
B）They may save some money for the time being．
C）She is happy with the price set by the seller．
D）Less money will be spent in maintaining the house．
答案为D）。女士在陈述选择哪一所房子时有一个转折：“房子虽然比较贵，但从长远来看可以节省维修费。”这是女士所说的理由。但要理解这句话必须听懂in the long run和the money on the maintenance的意思。in the long run意为“从长远来看”。
未能答对的考生中有很多不理解in the long run的意思，也有个别考生没听出对话中讲的是所房子。
例4．
W：What a memory I have！I did write down the number on a sheet of paper when I answerthe phone this morning．But now the paper has disappeared without any trace．
M：Don’t worry．I will be seeing Mr． Brown in an hour．
Q：What do we learn from the conversation？
A）It was probably Mr．Brown’s phone number that the woman wrote down．
B）It was just an hour ago that the man met Mr．Brown．
C）The woman forgot to write down the phone number．
D）The woman needed a sheet of paper to put down the number．
答案为A）。I did write down the number中did表强调，意思是“我确实记下了号码。” number指的显然是phone number。她接着又说：But now the paper has disappeared without any trace．记着号码的那张纸不见了。without any trace意为“无影无踪”。
男士说：Don’t worry．I will be seeing Mr． Brown in an hour．此句话说明女士记下的是布朗先生的电话号码。本题虽然是要求考生在片刻之间从一个明示信息获取另一个隐含信息，最后做出正确判断，但考生如果不掌握词义及用法，则无从下手。
例5．
M：Friday is a public holiday．Shall we spend the long weekend in New York？We could leave Thursday night．
W：I’d rather go on Friday．My uncle will drop in on Thursday evening．I haven’t met him for several years，you know．
Q：Why can’t the woman go on Thursday？
A）She will go to her&nbs
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p;uncle’s．
B）She has an appointment with her friend．
C）She will attend the meeting．
D）She will have a visitor．
答案为D）。本题测试明示信息，要求辨认事实。女士答话中的第二句话直接提供了问题的答案：M y uncle will drop in on Thursday evening．这道题并不难，可仅有31％的考生答对。有近一半的考生选A）。显然是听懂了女士与叔叔几年未见这句话的内容，却不理解drop in的意思，因而误以为她要去叔叔家看他叔叔。drop in意为“随便／偶然访问”。例如：The Smiths dropped in on some old friends on their vacation trip to New York．史密斯一家去纽约度假时，顺便拜访了一些老朋友。
可见，听力技巧虽然能帮助我们在测试中取胜，但掌握足够的词语知识是听力理解的基穿以下笔者精选了听力测试中常见的，并且在意义上容易弄错的一些短语、习语和惯用法，供考生参考。
at the top of the ladder／tree名列前茅
bear watching有希望，有前途
beat around／about the bush旁敲侧击、转弯抹角
back out食言，变卦
back up sb．／sth． 支持，援助（某人、某事）
bird in the bush未到手的东西，未定局的事情
blow hot and cold摇摆不定、反复无常
booked up没空，有约会（戏票等已被预订一空）
burn the midnight oil开夜车；工作到深夜
bury／hide／have／put one’s head in the sand逃避现实，采取鸵鸟政策
check off／over／out sth．检验复核
close／shut one’s eyes to无视，对……置之不理
come off with flying colors凯旋、大功告成
come to总计；苏醒，恢复
count for much非常重要；关系重大
count on／upon依靠；指望
do sb’s heart good使（某人）感到愉快
do the business奏效，可以满足要求
do sth．up brown把（某事）彻底做好
down on one’s luck倒霉
draw（a）blank失败，落空
draw the／a line拒绝做某事
dying for渴望
eat one’s heart out忧伤过度
eat one’s words收回前言，认错道歉
face the music毅然面对困难；勇于承担后果
fall behind落后，跟不上
fall on one’s face彻底失败；惨败
fall over each other争先恐后
fill in／out／up把……填好
for the time being暂时，眼下
get into hot water陷入困境
get off the ground开始很顺利，取得进展
give sb．a／the glad hand热烈欢迎某人
give sth．a miss避开某物，略去某物
give ／lend an ear to倾听，注意
give sb．the green light允许某人做某事
go to bed with the chickens很早就寝
hand in the air未决定，悬搁着
have an eye for对……有眼力，有识别力
have one’s heart in the right place好心好意
have the game in one’s hand稳操胜券
keep／have one’s feet on the ground讲究实际
keep one’s nose clean安分守己
lay sth．at sb．’s door把（责任等）推给某人
leave that to sb．由某人决定
let the cat out of the bag泄露秘密
lose one’s heart to爱上了，非常喜欢
make a point of doing sth． 坚持做某事，决心做某事
make believe假装
man of iron意志坚强的人
man of the world阅历丰富的人
miss the boat／bus坐失良机
nine times out of ten十有八九，通常
not in the same street with无法与……相比
out of tune（with．．．）（与……）不协调，不一致
penny wise and pound foolish小处精明，大处糊涂（浪费）
play one’s best card使出绝招
pocket one’s dignity放下架子
pull out all the stops全力以赴
put one’s back into sth． 尽最大努力去做某事
put one’s foot in one’s mouth说错话，做错事
put sb．in one’s honour信任某人
ring a bell使想起某事
sweep sth．under the carpet隐瞒某事不让人知道
take a short-cut走捷径
take French leave不辞而别
think on one’s feet思想敏捷，反应快
throw cold water on对……泼冷水，不赞成
throw up one’s hand放弃努力，认输
turn／give the cold shoulder on／to sb．疏远某人，冷淡某人
cannot see the wood for the trees见树不见林
under lock and key妥善保管
up the pole进退两难
wash one’s hands不管，不过问
wet behind the ears乳臭未干的
what’s&
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nbsp;what具体情况，真相
while away浪费时间
with open arms热烈地，亲切地
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