英语高一定语从句讲解及试题：doc全文下载 href="/Upload/UploadFiles//coach_UploadFiles_8112/201311/2013112710470860.doc">高中英语高一定语从句讲解及试题：doc全文下载
He is the man.
He wants to see you.
He is the man who/that wants to see you. 他就是想见你的人.
（who/that在从句中作主语）
There are rules.
Rules help to make the roads safe.
There are rules that/which help to make the roads safe.
He is the man.
I saw him yesterday.
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。
（whom/that在从句中作宾语,可省略）
Tom is a kind man.
You can safely depend on Tom.
Tom is a kind man (who/that) you can safely depend on.
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that指人, which,that指物或事情等。
They rushed over to help the man.
The man’s car was broken down.
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book.
The cover of this book is green.
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
2. The crops which/that the farmers planted them in spring are growing well.
3. The lecture which/that we attend was about agriculture.
4. The lady who/whom/that I spoke to is an expert on white agriculture.
5. The farmers who/whom/that the researchers helped had big harvest.
B.
2. The dress which/that I bought yesterday fits me well.
The dress I bought yesterday fits me well. (?)
3. The light bulb which/that Mrs. Li bought doesn’t work.
4. The food which/that we had in the restaurant on the corner tasted awful.
5. The package which/that I lost contained a birthday present.
6. The book which/that I borrowed from the library is about ancient paintings.
7. The trousers which/that Martin chose tore when he put them on.
C.
1.The pilot who/that made an emergency landing yesterday was interviewed.
2.Officials who/that are investigating this incident say they do not know the cause.
3.Fortunately, the four passengers who were on the plane were not injured. Several people saw the dramatic landing.
4.One woman whom/that our reporter spoke to said the plane landed at a very strange angle.
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
1）I still remember the days which / that we spent together .
2）I still remember the days when we worked together .
October 1st is the day when (on which) our country was founded.
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构，因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用
判断关系代词与关系副词
判断改错
1.This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
2.I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
1.This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
2.I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。
准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A.where B.that C.on which D.the one
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
Is this museum the one(that) you visited a few days age?
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A.where B. that C.on which D. the one
例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which
引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
Is this the museum where the exhibition was held.
限制性和非限制性定语从句
例如：This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）
1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，
2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，
例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，
例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.
他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
典型例题
1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that B. which C. as D. it
答案B.
as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
(1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
(2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。
As 的用法
例1. the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。
先行词和关系词二合一
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.
(what 可以用all that代替)
what/whatever;that/what; who/whoever
1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything that
What you want has been sent here.
Whatever you want makes no difference to me.
2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who
（错）Who breaks the law will be punished.
（错）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.
（对）Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
（对）Who robbed the bank is not clear.
关系代词that 的用法
1）不用that的情况
a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b) 介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any,
little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
c) 先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。
d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.
e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。
举例：
All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察
高中英语定语从句解题六关
定语从句是中学英语语法中的重点内容，也是高考中常考查的一个考点。掌握定语从句的用法，必须突破以下六道难关：
一. 选准关系代词和关系副词
在定语从句中，关系代词或关系副词都代替先行词在从句中充当一定的成分，如果该从句中缺少主语、表语、宾语或定语，就要用关系代词来连接从句；如果从句中缺少状语，就得用关系副词来连接从句。例如：
（1）I still remember the days which / that we spent together .
（2）I still remember the days when we worked together .
二. 了解仅用that 引导限制性定语从句的几种情况
that 在限制性定语从句中既可指人又可指事或物。在下列情况下，只能用that 来引导定语从句：
1. 先行词是all , much , few , little , everything , anything , nothing 等不定代词时。例如：
Is there anything that you want to buy ?
2. 先行词被all , few , little , much , every , some , no 等词修饰或被the only , the very , the same , the last 等限定词修饰时。例如：
These are all the pictures that I have seen .
This is the very dictionary that is of great help .
3. 先行词既指人又指物时。例如：
My father and his teacher talked a lot about the things and the persons that they could remember .
4. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。例如：
Our school is not the one that it used to be .
5. 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。例如：
This is the best English film that I have ever seen .
The first English novel that I read was A Tale of Two Cities .
6. 主句是who 或which 引导的特殊问句时。例如：
Who is the girl that is standing under the tree ?
Which is the machine that we used last Sunday ?
三. 把握“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的选用
介词的选择与主句中先行词的搭配密切相关。例如：
That”s the reason for which he was late for school .
This is the book on which I spent 8 yuan .
注意：
1. 定语从句中谓语动词是含有介词的动词短语时，介词应放在动词之后，不能拆开放在关系代词前。例如：
This is the key which you are looking for .
This is the baby whom you will look after.
2. 该结构中，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which .
四. 弄清as 和which 引导的非限制性定语从句指代整体时的区别
1. 位置上的区别：as 引导的非限制性定语从句的位置比较灵活，可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，还可插在主句的中间；而which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如：
As is known to us all , the earth turns around the sun .
The earth , as is known to us all , turns around the sun .
The earth turns around the sun , as is known to us all .
The earth turns around the sun , which our parents once told us when we were very young .
2. 词义与联系上的区别：as 引导的非限制性定语从句与主句之间有着较为密切的上下文联系，as 本身含有“正如”之意；而which 引导的非限制性定语从句与主句之间在逻辑意义上近似并列句，which 本身表示“这”或“这一点”之意。例如：
Light travels faster than sound , as we all know .
Jack came late for school , which made his teacher angry .
五. 注意定语从句的主谓一致性
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语必须与先行词保持人称和数的一致。例如：
Tom is one of the boys who are from the
Tom is the only one of the the boys who is from the
六. 保持主句的完整性并避免从句成分的重叠
1. 在定语从句中，不管出现任何情况，主句的结构必须完整，即主句必须有主语和谓语，缺一不可，否则，整个主从复合句就无法成立。试比较：
（1）Is this factory _____________ we visited last week ?
（2）Is this the factory ____________ we visited last week ?
A. which B. where C. what D. the one
分析：
第一题缺少表语，只有填D项才能保持主句的完整性，而其他的选项均为干扰项。
第二题主句本身完整，应填的关系代词在从句中作visited 的宾语，故应选A项。
2. 从定语从句中，关系代词或关系副词已经代替先行词独立地或与相应的介词一起在定语从句中充当了一定的成分，因此在定语从句中就不能再出现与关系代（副）词重叠的成分。例如：
错句：Is this the train that they took it last Sunday ?
分析：该题中that 已经代替先行词the train 在定语从句中充当及物动词took 的宾语，故重叠出现的宾语it必须删去。
总之，只要突破了以上六道难关，定语从句中的难题便会迎刃而解
Practice:
1..He made another wonderful discovery, ___ of great important to science.
A. which I think is B. which I think it is
C. which I think it D. I think is
2. Mrs Black was disappointed to see the washing machine she had had ___ went wrong again.
A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired
3. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ____ the price was very reasonable.
A. whose B. of which C. its D. of whose
4. The museum he paid a visit ____ at the end of the street.
A. stands B. standing C. to stands D. to stand
5. Don’t talk about such things____ you do not understand.
A. that B. as C. which D. whose
6. The pencil ______ I wrote is gone.
A. that B. by which C. in which D. with which
7. This is Mr. Smith, ____ I think has something interesting to tell us.
A. who B. whom C. that D. /
8. I, ___ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.
A. who is B. who am C. that is D. what is
9. That was the very room ____ he completed the great works of his.
A. where B. here C. there D. that
10. Is this museum ____ you visited last month?
A. that B. the one C. where D. /
11. He has bought a telescope ___ you can see the sky clearly.
A. with which B. in which C. through which D. which
12. ________, the gunpowder was one of the four inventions.
A. It is known to all B. We all know
C. As is well known D. It is know that
13. I have a lot of books; some of ______ are about how to improve your oral English.
A. which B. whom C. them D. what
14. Has all ___ can be done ______?
A. what ;done B. that; be done C. that; been done D. what; already done
15. Albraham Lincoln was murdered on April 14, 1865 at a theatre in Washington D.C, ______ is described in the text.
A. where B. whom C. that D. as
16. That is the book_____ he referred the other day in the speech.
A. to which B. that C. with which D. which
17. However, I don’t agree with him and put forward another plan ____I think is more feasible.
A. whom B. which C. which it D. /
18. I will never forget the holiday ____we had a wonderful time on that island.
A. which B. during which C. that D. where
19. The man had to leave on June 23rd,_________happened to be his only daughter’s birthday.
A. when B. that C. which D. then
20. I need three helpers, ____ must have some knowledge of computer programming.
A. all of them B. all of which C. both of whom D. all of whom
21. He kept the reason____ he resigned a secret.
A. for which B. that C. for what D. which
22. Judging from those_____ school uniforms, they must be students from a nearby vocational school.
A. who wearing B. they are dressing C. who are wearing D. are wearing
23. They insisted on going to Gulin this summer, _____in my view is not wise.
A. where B. which C. as D. that
24. Are you eager to know____ I experienced during the journey?
A. all that B. all what C. everything D. that
25. Those___ for the plan raise your hands, please.
A. whose B. / C. who is D. that
26. He will probably not come at all,____ what shall we do?
A. in that case B. if so C. in which case D. and in which case
27. The fact____ most people believe nuclear war is unlikely to happen does not mean that it will not occur.
A. what B. that C. which D. why
28. I was so angry at all_____ he was doing______ I walked out.
A. what, so B. that; so C. what; that D. that; that
29. Arriving in Canberra, we visited the royal Australia Mint,____ the kids thought chocolate coins were made.
A. which B. where C. of which D. that
30. I don’t think the number of the people______ this happened is very large.
A. whom B. who C. of whom D. to whom
31. Although websites do make money, in the current phase of Internet development, _____ they earn is far from enough to satisfy their needs.
A. what B. that C. which D. where
32. Jim set up a club for swimming lovers,____ he invited some of his friends.
A. to which B. to whom C. so that D. where
33. Finally we got to _____was once a wood______ the villagers used as a fallow field.
A. that; which B. where; where C. what; where D. what; that
34. He isn’t the sort of the person ______ . He has all sorts of secret ambitions.
A. who you think him B. who you think he is
C. of whom you think him D. you think who he is
35. The food is always cheap in fast food restaurants___ take care of hundreds of people in a short time.
A. what B. where C. which D. /
36. This is the one of the best novels_____ ever been written.
A. that has B. that have C. which has D. which have
37. The West Lake, _____we visited last month, is one of the most beautiful sights in China.
A. that B. to which C. which D. where
38. Don’t forget to put back all the books_______ they were.
A. which B. that C. where D. in which
39. You should respect others’ opinions, and at the same time you should insist on___ right.
A. that you believe is B. which you believe to be
C. what you believe is D. what you believe to be
40. Along the path stood some signs, ____were written “ Keep Off the Grass”.
A. that B. on which C. in which D. which
41. He was such an ill-mannered man, _____ made me doubt ____ he was well educated.
A. which; whether B. who; that C. that; if D. which; that
42. Nowadays the age____ people start smoking appears to be falling.
A. which B. on which C. at which D. from which
43. Mum said that the hair I ____ was suitable for the shape of my face.
A. had it cut B. had had cut C. had had it cut D. had to be cut
44. In the center of Shanghai, there is a library____ students often go to read and borrow books.
A. to which B. by which C. which D. to where
45. There are several pretty girls over there,____ are known to me.
A. but none B. none of which C. but no one D. but none of whom
46. The new computer ____the low cost makes it attractive to students ____ well.
A. whose; sells B. which; is sold C. of which; sells D. whose; is sold
47. This is the factory___ visited him the other day.
A. which we B. that we C. we D. where we
48. The pilot has brought himself into the situation_____ he is likely to lose control over the plane.
A. where B. that C. which D. what
49. Is____ some German friends visited last week?
A. this B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where
50. The brave man,____ the tiger was shot, is a good hunter.
A. by which B. by whom C. by that D. of whom
51. This is the only dictionary____ he often turns to for help.
A. which B. that C. what D. one
52. He hasn’t got enough money ____ to buy things.
A. which B. that C. with which D. for which
53. The scientist and his achievements ____ you told me about are admired by us all.
A. which q B. who C. whose D. that
54. Finally the day came____ he had to begin his study for the next term.
A. which B. when C. that D. where
55. When people talked about the cities of the U.S.A, the first ____came into mind was New York.
A. city B. of them C. one D. that
56. In the school where I study English______.
A. is there B. has no good teachers
C. is the most beautiful D. is taught
57. It was the top of the mountain____ the Young Pioneers once played.
A. that B. what C. where D. which
58. All those____ to see the exhibition, get off the bus at the next stop.
59. A. didn’t go B. aren’t going C. not going D. who not go
60. Medicine was ____they were in great need of.
A. that B. what C. which D. /
61. Which of the two cows ___ you keep produces more milk?
A. that B. which C. whom D. when
Reference：
1-5. ACBCB 6-10. CABAB 11-15. CCACD 16-20. ABBCD 21-25.ACBAB26-30. CBDBD 31-35.AADBC 36-40.ACCCB 41-45.ACBAA 46-50.CDABB 51-55.BCDBD 56-61. D CCBA
