【十年高考五年模拟一年预测】—情态动词和虚拟语气
第一部分 十年高考题荟萃
【2011全国卷,32】They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
A.will B.can C.must D.should
【答案】D
【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。
【解析】句意为“他们本该午饭时到达，但他们的航班推迟了。”will have done将来可以完成；can have done可能做过……吗？表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句；must have done一定做过某事，表示对过去事情的肯定推测；should have done本来应该做某事，而实际没做。but their flight was delayed这样的结果，说明他们本来该到达却没有到达，因此选D。
【2011全国卷II,8】If you smoke, please go outside.
A. can B. should C. must D. may
【答案】C
【考点】考查情态动词的用法。
【解析】句意为“如果你非得要抽烟，请到外面去抽。”must (表示主张)一定要，坚持要。根据后一句please go outside的要求，选C。
【2011北京卷,24】——I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him?
——Don’t worry. He come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were.
A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not
【答案】D
【考点】考查情态动词的用法。
【解析】句意为“——我真不喜欢James。你为何请了他？——别担心。他可能来不了。他说他的计划还没安排好。”题干中的he wasn’t certain说明他可能不来，可能来，因此使用不完全否定might not。选D。
【2011北京卷,28】——Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.
——I wish they always late.
A. weren’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. wouldn’t have been
【答案】A
【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。
【解析】句意为“——孩子们哪儿去了？这顿饭快要吃不起来了。——我但愿他们不要老是迟到。”wish引出虚拟语气，题干中出现always，从句虚拟使用一般过去时。选A。
【2011北京卷,30】Maybe if I science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.
A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying
【答案】C
【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。
【解析】句意为“或许当初我要是学了理科而不是文科，现在就能给你更多的帮助。”then表示过去的时间，if引导的从句是对过去的虚拟，因此使用过去完成时。选C。
【2011天津卷,15】I ______ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me.
A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come
【答案】D
【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。
【解析】句意为“我本来可以早点来，但我真不知道他们在等我。”but I didn’t know表示了过去时间，因此前句是对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选D。
【2011上海春招,27】Some young people these days just ______ go out of their homes to contact the real world.
A. mustn’t B. won’t C. mightn’t D. shouldn’t
【答案】B
【考点】考查情态动词的用法。
【解析】句意为“现在一些年轻人就是不愿意走出家门接触真正的世界。”mustn’t禁止，不允许；won’t不愿意，就是不，偏不，具有主观性；mightn’t可能不；shouldn’t不应该。根据句意选B。
【2011江苏卷,34】——I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.
——How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ______ it.
A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen
【答案】B
【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。
【解析】句意为“——我把我的手提包落在火车上了。但幸运的是，有人拾到交给了铁路部门。——失而复得，简直难以置信！我是说，本来可能有人会偷了去。”will have done将来可以完成，must have done一定做过某事，表示对过去事情的肯定推测，都与题意不符。should have done本来应该做某事，而实际没做，这就意味着希望有人偷包。might have stolen 过去可能做过，语气比较婉转或不肯定，根据句意选B。
【2011福建卷,25】——Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?
——I am afraid you , in case he comes late for the meeting .
A.will B.must C.may D.can
【答案】B
【考点】考查情态动词的用法。
【解析】句意为“——需要我现在就通知他计划有变吗？——恐怕你得这样做，以防他开会迟到。”must (表示必要、命令或强制)必须,得。根据后半句，选B。
【2011福建卷,34】——Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.
——I it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.
A.attended B.had attended C.would sttend D.would have attended
【答案】D
【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。
【解析】句意为“——真可惜你错过了那场有关核污染的讲座。——我本可以去听的，但我当时忙于工作面试。”对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选D。
【2011安徽卷, 26】——What do you think of store shopping in the future?
——Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but _____.
A. will never replace B. would never replace
C. will never be replaced D. would never be replaced
【答案】C
【考点】考查情态动词的用法。
【解析】句意为“——你对将来的商店购物怎么看？——我个人认为会与在家购物并存，但商店购物不会被取代。”根据I think it will exist along with home shopping，排除虚拟的选项D，这是表示将来
