英语语法复习专题---定语从句：doc全文下载 href="/Upload/UploadFiles//coach_UploadFiles_8112/201311/2013112508551272.doc">高中英语语法复习专题---定语从句：doc全文下载

高中英语语法复习专题讲解-定语从句

一、定义及相关术语

1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。

2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。

3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。

关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如：

The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 

该句中，who is  shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man， “who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。

 

二、定语从句的种类以及区别

定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，现将它们之间的用法及区别列表如下

限制性定语从句	非限制性定语从句
和先行词的关系密切（删去后，影响整个句子意义的表达）	和先行词的关系不密切（是一种补充说明，删去后不影响整个句子意义的表达）
不用逗号分开	一般使用逗号分开
可用关系代词that引导	不可用关系代词that引导
可以省略（that，who，which在从句中担当宾语时可以省略）	不可以省略
可以替代（whom作宾语时，可用who或that替代）	不能替代
只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分	修饰整个主句或主句的一部分，此时定语从句前有逗号分开，只能用which或as引导。

请看下面例句的不同含义：

限制性：她有两个当解放军的儿子。

She has two sons who are P.L.A.men.

(Maybe she has other sons who are not P.L.A.men.)

非限制性：她有两个儿子，他们都是解放军。

She has two sons，who are P.L.A.men.

(She has only two sons.They are both P.L.A.men.)

 

三、关系代词的用法区分

1.修饰物体时关系代词that和 which的区分

•只能使用that的情况：

（1）当先行词即有人又有物时。

eg. I won’t forget the things and the persons that I saw.

（2）当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词所修饰时。

eg.  This is the first book that I bought myself.

  The biggest bird that I caught is this bird.

（3）当先行词所在句子含疑问词who，which时。

eg.  Which is the book that you bought yesterday？

（4）当先行词被the very, the right, the next, the only 等强调词修饰时。

eg. This is the very book that I lost yesterday.

（5）当先行词是nothing, something, anything, all, each等不定代词时。

eg. Do you have anything that is important to tell me?

或当先行词被all, any, some, no, not, every, each等不定代修饰时。  

eg.  I have some books that are very good.

•只能使用which的情况。

（1）非限制性定语从句中。

eg. Mary has a book, which is very precious.

（2）在介词之后。

eg. This is a house in which lives an old man.

2. 修饰人时关系代词that 和who, whom的区分。

1).先行词是one, ones, anyone, those时，宜用who;

One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to say truth.

2）在There be开头的句字中，宜用 who；

There are many people who are against him.

3)先行词指人，且关系代词前有介词时，只用whom;

She is the girl with whom I went there.

比较She is the girl whom /  who/  that  I  met at the party.

3.whose是代词的所有格，可指人也可指物,但有时只能用of which或of whom。

（1）I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.

（2）She lives in a room，of which the windows face south.

 

四、定语从句考点

热点1  关系代词与关系副词的选用

▲有二步：找对先行词，看准从句

        判断先行词在从句中做什么成分

(1) Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old__________ they swam in the river.

(2) The days are gone forever__________ the Chinese people are looked down upon.

(3) I’ll never forget the days____________ we visited Beijing.

I’ll never forget the days __________________ we spent together.

(4) This is the office______________ he worked.

This is the office _________________ he worked in

This is the office in ________________ he worked

(5) The reason __________________ he was late for school is that his car broke down.

The reason ___________________ he told me about his being late for school is that his car broke down.

(6) —Do you have anything to say for yourself ?

—Yes, there is one point _________________I must insist on.

The noise from the karaoke is coming to a point ____________ we can’t put up with it.

热点2  where引导的定语从句

▲先行词在从句中作地点状语时，用关系副词where,也可以用介词+关系代词.

▲当先行词为point, case, situation, position, stage, degree等且在从句做地点状语时，用where..

⑴Today we will discuss a number of cases ____________- beginners of English fail to use the language properly.                  ﹙2007·陕西Ⅰ·20﹚

⑵Some preschool children go to a day care center, _____________ they learn simple games and songs.                         ﹙2007·全国Ⅰ·22﹚

⑶All the neighbors admire the family, ______________ the parents are treating their child like a friend                           ﹙2008·安徽·26﹚

热点3  whose引导的定语从句

▲ 先行词在从句中作定语, 先行词既可指人也可指物.

▲ Whose后肯定有它所修饰的名词.

⑴Just like a voyage at sea, our life journey, ____________ days are limited, is full of difficulties.        ﹙2008安徽六校高三联考﹚

A. whose      B. that       C. its              D. whom

⑵I visited the scientist ____________ name is known all over the world .

A. whose          B. that         C. its         D. whom

热点4  介词+关系代词

▲该用哪个介词 ：根据介词与先行词的搭配.

                 根据介词与定语从句谓语动词的搭配.

                 根据定语从句的意思.

⑴He was educated at the local high school, _________he went to being university.

A. after which       B. after that       C. in which.           D .in that

⑵I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction  __________ she had come.

A. of which         B. by which       C. in which          D. from which

⑶As soon as you get home from school, think about the order＿ you will do your homework assignments and how much time you will spend on each one.

A. of which       B. at which       C .through which       D. in which

热点5  as引导的定语从句

▲As可引导限制性定语从句，特别是当先行词前有such, so ,the same 来修饰时.注意：such/so …that…与such/so …as…

▲As引导非限制性定语从句是，常代表整个句子.

(1) The man showed us so heavy a stone _________no one can lift.

A. that   Bas   C. which   D. and

(2) The man showed us so heavy a stone __________ no one can lift ________.

A. that; it        B. as; it         C. which; that        D. that; which

热点6  代表整个句子的关系代词有as和which

▲ 区别：☆as引导非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前又可在主句后，有时还可插在主句中， 而which引导的非限制性定语从句，只能置于主句之后。

☆as常常有“正如,如同”之意, 而which无此意。

⑴ _________ is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. it     B. that       C .as        D. which

(2) He didn’t study hard and failed to pass the exam,_________ made his parents disappointed.

A. it        B. that       C. as         D. which

热点7  定语从句与名词性从句

▲   定语从句与同位语从句之别：定语从句的先行词即名词或代词在从句中做成分，且从句对此词起修饰限制的作用，同位语从句解释说明的那个名词在从句中不做成分.

⑴The news ____________he told me is true.

⑵The news ____________he was elected president is true.

▲⑴__________we all know, he has been admitted into Qinghai university.

____________is known to us all, he has been admitted into Qinghai university.

____________is known to us all that he has been admitted into Qinghai university.

____________is known to us all is that he has been admitted into Qinghai university.

热点8  定语从句与强调句型

⑴—Where did you get to know her?

—It was on the farm ___________we worked.

   A. that   B. there  C. which   D. where

⑵ It was in the park＿  they first met ＿ the couple separated.

A. that; that   B. which; that   C. where; that  D. that; where

热点9  定语从句与并列句

⑴In Barcelona the Chinese team got 16 gold medals,12 of ___________ were won by women.

⑵In Barcelona the Chinese team got 16 gold medals, and 12 of ___________ were won by women.

 

五、高考真题

【2012全国卷II】That evening, _____ I will tell you more about later, I ended up

working very late.  

 A. that   B. which          C. what           D. when

【2012安徽】A lot of language learning,         has been discovered, is

happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children

during that period.  

A. as    B. it       C. which    D. this

【2012重庆】Sales director is a position ______communication ability is just as important as sales skills.  

A. which   B. that      C. when    D. where

【2012北京】When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was，he would

forget all about eating or sleeping. 

A. that   B. which   C. where   D. when

【2012福建】The air quality in the city, _____ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.  

A. that     B. it     C. as     D. what

【2012陕西】It is the third time that she has won the race, ____ has surprised us all.

A. that    B. where     C. which      D. what

【2012山东】Maria has written two novels, both of ___ have been made into television series.

A. them       B. that      C. which       D. what

【2012湖南】Care of the soul is a gradual process ____ even the small details of life should be considered.  

A. what     B. in what     C. which     D. in which

【2012天津】I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ______ help I would never have got this far.

A. who         B. whose          C. whom         D. which

【2012江西】By 16:30, ______ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.

A. which          B. when      C. what      D. that

【2012四川】In our class there are 46 students, _____ half wear glasses.

A. in whom          B. in them            C. of whom        D. of them

【2012浙江】We live in an age ______ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.  

A. why    B. when     C. to whom    D. on which 

【2012浙江】Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _____, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.  

A. which     B. who    C. where    D. whom

【2012江苏】After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, ____ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.

A. which      B. who     C. where     D. what 

【2011全国卷I】The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.

A. that         B. which      C. whose         D. what

【2011全国卷II】Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a

T-shirt, ____ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.

A. this           B. that           C. what            D. which

【2011北京卷】Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others,

_________, of course, make all the others upset.

A. who                  B. which               C. what                        D. that

【2011上海卷】You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station ____ you can hire to reach your host family.     

A. which               B. where               C. when                       D. as

【2011山东卷】The old town has narrow streets and small houses _____are built close to each other.

A. they                 B. where              C. what                  D. that