一：过去式：

主句 从句

would/could/should/might+have done had done

1.If he hadn’t offered we a ride home,I would have called a taxi.

If we had depared earlier,we wouldn’t have missed the bus.

2.If it hadn’t been for your help,I wouldn’t habe surived the accident.

3.可倒装：（分词可前可后）

Had we departed earlier,we…….

Had it not been for your help,I…….

二：现在时：

主语 从句

W./C./S./M.+do did或were

1. were无人称和数的变化

If you were my student,you should obey me.

If he were my student,he should obey me.

2. If you needed my help,Iwould lend you a hand.

3. If it were not for your help,I would be homeless now.

4. were可倒did 不可倒

Were he my student,he……

Were it not for your help,I…..

If Ihad 10 million yuan,I would buy a new apartment.

三：将来时

主句 从句

W./C./S./M.+do should do 或were to do

1. were无人称和数的变化

If he should seek employment,he would be hire easily.

2．可倒装

should it rain tomorrow…….

Were it to rain tomorrow……

四：动词

动词后+从句谓语动词 should+do should 可省

建议：suggest,recommend,advise,propose,move,instruct,

maintain,prefer

请求：ask,beg,require,request

打算，愿望：decide,determine,intend,desire,assume

命令：arrange,direct,command,order

其他：urge,agree,hint,insist,promise

He urged the library should stay open during summer vocation.

He assumed he would be selected chairman of the committee.

五：形容词

从句谓语动词should +do，should 可省

It’s important to acquire professional knowledge and skill.

It’s important for us to acquire…..

It’s important that we should…..

·essential,fundamental,important,vital,necessary,imperative,

better,best,appropriate,probable,expedient,natural

·desirable,advisable,urgent,preferable

·strange,odd,amazing,astonishing,surprising,shocked,pitiful,

sorry,ridiculous,absurd,unthinkable,incredible,interesting,annoying

1.It’s imperative that we should hold a meeting to settle the problem.

2.It’s advisable that another university be set up.

3.I’m sorry that he should feel that way.

六：名词

从句谓语动词should+do ,should可省

1.They made a motion that he should compensate for their loss.

2.It is of great importance that we should made plans to beautify out city.

2.We’re all for your proposal that the discussion.

be put off

七：连词

。lest;for fear that----从句谓语动词(should)do

He held the vase firmly lest it should slip from his hand.

We hid behind bushes for fear that the passers by see us.

。as if ,as though------三种虚拟

He was so terrified as if he had seen a ghost.

He works so hard as if he never knew fatigue.

He looked optimistic as if he would win the game.

八：wish,would rather-----三种虚拟

I would rather die the surrender.

would sooner/would as soon/had rather/had sooner=would rather

for the time being =now

would rather

构单句：I would rather die than surrender.

I would rather have falled than (have)cheated on the exam.

构从句：I would rather you hadn’t been present.

I would rather you didn’t beside me.

I would rather they would award me a gold medal.

构句型：I would rather drink some tea.

I would rather not drink any tea.

Would you rather drink some tea?

----Rather. -----I would.

----I would rather not.

Who would rather went with you ,George or me?

3.er would rather have left for SsmFrancisco than stayed in New York.

九：固定句型

It’s time to get up.

It’s time for him to get up.

It’s time that he got up.

It’s time various countries called for a halt to the manufacture of nuclear weapons.

十：礼貌问句。

Would you like some tea?

Would you like to drink some tea?

Would you please go with me?

Would you mind opening the door?

Would you mind my opening the door?

Might I borrow you unbrella?

十一：感叹句式

If only ….要是。。。多好

If only the rain would stop!

If only he were here!

If only hadn’t accepted his invitation!

十二：介，副词

with ,without,

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With her financial support,he would establish his own business.

Without air and water,no living things would exist.

But for your help,I couldn’t have got.

十三：错位虚拟

Jim would be studying in the university if he had passed the entrance examination.

If he had followed the doctor’s advise,he would be quite well now.

If you had departed for Beijing yesterday,you would be talking with your father now

If you were 17-year old ……….

十四：公式化语句，表示祝愿，诅咒等

God bless you!

God damn you!

The devil take you.

So be it then.

Heaven forbid!

Long live Maism!

May you be happy!

独立主格结构

特点：

1：结构由两部分组成即：逻辑主语+非谓语动词/表语成分

2：作状语成分（原因，结果，时间，伴随…）整句是简单句，主语不同，无连词

3：不带介词的独立主格结构用逗号与主句隔开，而带介词的可隔可不隔

4：with作为主格结构

5：独立主格结构能精简行文，起到言简意赅的效果；

一：主句+介/副词

1> put on his socks,wrong side out.

He put on his socks.The wrong side was out.

He put on his socks but the wrong side was out.

2>The trees grow up straight,only branches at the top.

4>The economic crisis in this country is deepening.

Price up and up,production down and down.

二：主语+形容词

1> The movie over,we went home.

2> He slept with windows open.

He slept and the windows were open.

有时独立主格结果的逻辑主语与形容词标语间可加being意思不变

Other things being equal,man with flevent English is sure to succeed more quickly.

Her mother being ill in hospital Many had to do all the housework.

Her mother ill in hospital,Mary………..

主语+主动语态的非谓语动词，独立主格结构的逻辑谓语是：根据时态的不同改变形式，参照下表：

主动语态一般形式 独立主格形式

一般现在时： do/does doing

过去时态： did doing

完成时态： have/has/had done having done

进行时态： be doing doing

1> He stood there,his eyes looking straight up the wall.

He stood there and his eyes looked………

2> Time permiting,we will say goodbye to him before leaving.

If time permits,we will say……….

四：主语+被动语态的非谓语动词

独立主格结构的逻辑谓语时态变化如下：

被动语态一般形式 独立主格形式

一般现在时： be done done

过去时态: be done done

完成时态 have/has/had been done having been done

进行时态 be being done being done

With your assignment finished,you can go traveling.

His leg hardly hurt,he had to stay in bed.

5:主动+动词不定式：

With him to help her,she could win the prize.

If he should help her,She would win the prize.

Time is pressing with only two hours to go.

The couple came in,following dogs.狗在前，主动

The couple came in ,followed bu dogs.人在前，被动

We left the meeting,there obciousing being no point in staying.

There is no point in arguing further.

完成时态的标志词汇：

1.just 2.for 3.yet 4.already 5.ever 6.never 7.since 8.by 9.lately 10.recently 11.so far 12.up till now 13.in the past…years 14.over these year

表猜测：

对现在：must/can’t do

对过去：must/can’t have done

同意词：

依靠，依赖：rely on,depend on,base on,count on,subsist on

到…的程度：to…extent , to… degree…

影响：have influence on,have impact on,have effect on,have impression on

词义辨析：

long before很久以前/before long=shortly after wards不久以后 just as 正如 even if 即使

take 带走 bring 带来 fetch来回，循环

作文中常用到的句式

1．）常用于开头的短语

Generally speaking,…..一般来说。。。。。。。

It goes without saying that………..不用说

It is clear that………because……..很明显地。。。因为。。。。。

It is often said that…………常常有人说。。。。。。。。

A proverb says:…….有句谚语说：

As the proverb says ………..如谚语说。。。

Many people often ask this question: 许多人常常问这个问题

2）常用于扩展段开头的短语

Therefore we should realize that…………因此我们应该了解

We have reason to belive that….我们有理由相信

Everybody knows that……每个人都知道。。。。。。。。

It can be easily proved that……很容易证明。。。。。。、 

It is true that …..。。。。。是真实的

No one can deny that……….谁也不能否认。。。。。。。。

One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is…

跟上述同样重要的一项是。。。。。

The chief reason why …………..is that…..为什么。。。。的主要原因是。。。。。。。

We must recognize that………..我们必须承认。。。。。。。。

There is no doubt that…..我认为。。。

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This can be expressed as follows :…..可分下列数点：。。。。

To take ….for an example …..以。。。。。。为例。。。。。

（Now that）we know that……（既然）我们知道。。。。。

What is more serious is that…..更重要的是。。。。。

TO BE CONTINUE…..
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