Passage one
Electronic books could revolutionize reading, but people ought to consider their far-reaching impacts as well. “The e-book promises to wreak a slow havoc on life as we know it,” Jason Ohler, professor of technology assessment, university of Alaska Southeast In Juneau, warned the World Future Society, Bethesda, Md. His assessment weighed the pros and cons ( 赞成和反对的理由 ) of e-book technology’s impact on social relationships, the environment, the economy, etc. Before you curl up （蜷曲）with an e-book, consider the disadvantages.
They increase eyestrain due to poor screen resolution, replace a relatively cheap commodity with a more expensive one, and displace workers in print book production and traditional publishing. E-books make it easy to share data, thereby threatening copyright agreements and reducing compensation of authors, as well as creating nonbiodegradable（不可生物降解）trash.
On the other hand, e-books save paper and trees, reduce the burden of the carrying and storing of printed books, promote self-sufficiency in learning, and make reading a collaborative experience online. They also create new jobs for writers and artists and encourage self-publishing.
In final analysis, Ohler points out, e-books should gain society’s approval if a few conditions are met: make them biodegradable and recyclable, solve the problem of eye fatigue, be sure the “have-nots” get the technology, and support e-book training in schools and business.
词汇注释：
revolutionize革命化
far-reaching 意义深远的
wreak havoc浩劫；造成严重破坏
assessment 评估
resolution 分解
displace 移植；代替
compensation补偿
collaborative 合作性的
fatigue 疲劳
have-not 穷人
译文：
电子书籍可能会使阅读产生革命性的变革，但是我们也应该考虑其深远的影响。位于茱洛的阿拉斯加东南大学的技术评估教授詹森?奥诃乐警告位于贝德斯达的世界未来学会说：“电子书籍肯定会缓慢地破坏我们的生活。”他的评估权衡了人们对于电子书籍赞成和反对的理由，人们对于电子技术对社会关系、环境、经济等的影响向来莫衷一是。所以，在你对电子书籍一味追捧之前，你应该考虑它带来的不利因素。 电子书籍由于其差劲的屏幕分解，会给人眼造成疲劳；电子书籍将相对便宜的商品变成了更昂贵的商品；使从事印刷业和传统出版业的工人失业。电子书籍还使得信息的分享变得更容易，由此也威胁到版权协定和减少了对作者的补偿，并且产生了不可生物降解的垃圾。
而另一方面，电子书籍节约了纸和树，减少了携带和储藏印刷书籍的麻烦，并且使阅读成为一种合作性的网上体验。它也为作者和艺术家创造了新的工作，并且鼓励自己出版。总之，奥诃乐指出：“如果能满足几个要求，电子书籍应该能得到社会的认可。这几个条件即：可生物降解，可循环再利用，能解决视疲劳问题，能使不富有的人也用上这一技术，并且支持在学校和商业中的电子书籍培训。 1. What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage?（作者的写作目的是什么？）
A. draw people’s attention to the disadvantages of e-books.（让人们注意到电子书籍的短处）
B. call on people to reject E-books （号召人们拒绝电子书籍）
C. criticize schools and business that don’t provide e-books（批评学校和商业部门不提供电子书籍）
D.encourage people to use e-books（鼓励人们使用电子书籍）
答案为 A.
此题考对全文的理解。作者第一段引用Jason Ohler的观点“the e-book promises to wreak a havoc on life”，即电子书籍会缓慢地破坏我们的生活，并在第二段列举电子书籍的种种弊端，意在提醒人们注意电子书籍的负面影响。 其他选项均与中心思想不符。
2. What is Jason Ohler’s attitude towards e-books?（奥诃乐对电子书籍的态度是什么？）
A. positive （肯定的） B. indifferent（漠不关心的） C. cautious （审慎的） D. suspicious（怀疑的）
答案为 C.
考推导观点态度。第一段提出电子书籍的远期负面影响，又在最后一段谈论电子书籍获取社会认可批准的几个先决条件。这说明他对电子书籍持谨慎态度，既不盲目接受，也不一概反对。
3. In what sense do e-books exert a negative impact on the environment?（电子书籍在何种意义上对环境有负面的影响？）
A. They are unable to be broken down into harmless products.（电子书籍无法被分解为无害的东西）
B. They consume a lot of natural resources.（它们消耗大量的自然资源）
C. They produce harmful gases.（它们产生有害的气体）
D. They are capable of being reused.（它们能被重新再利用）
答案为 A.
细节理解题。文章第二段最后一句“（e-books）…as well as creating nonbiodegradable trash.”, 即产生不可降解成无害物的垃圾。nonbiodegradable的意思是不可生物降解的。
4. What is e-books’ negative impact on social relationships？（电子书籍对社会关系的负面影响是什么？）
A. They create new jobs only for writers.（它们为作家创造出新的工作）
B. Fewer and fewer people have access to new technology.（越来越少的人能接触新的技术）
C. They may threaten some traditional trades.（它们能威胁到一些传统的行业）
D. They isolate people from one another.（它们使人与人疏远）
答案为 C.
细节理解题。文章第二段第一句说电子书将会displace workers in print book production and traditional publishing，即取代传统的出版业和印刷业的工人。A项为作家创造新的工作机会不是负面影响。B，C，两项原文未提。
5. What does Ohler suggest regarding the use of e-books?（关于电子书籍的使用，奥诃乐的建议是什么？）
A. The society should ensure the poor have access to the technology.（社会应确保穷人能接触这项技术）
B. The society should ban the use of e-books if they cannot reduce eye fatigue.（社会应该禁止电子书籍的使用以减少视疲劳）
C. The society should approve of the use of e-books if they are made recyclable.（在电子书籍能被回收利用的情况下，社会应鼓励人们使用电子书籍）
D. The schools should solve the present problems of e-books.（社会应该解决电子书籍带来的现实问题）
答案为 A.
此题考对词的理解。第三段提出使用电子书籍需要满足的条件，其中之一“be sure the have-nots get the technology”的意思是穷人也获得这种技术。B项原文并没有说要禁止使用电子书籍。C项不全面，只提到一点。
Passage Two
When they marry, husbands and wives have well-developed health histories and well-established congenital and developmental propensities（嗜好） toward good an
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d ill health. Substantial research suggests that, given the existing health propensity and health condition of an individual at a particular time, his or her probability of better or worse future health is affected by a variety of socially mediated factors that are subject to influence or manipulation by his or her spouse.
Spouses can promote each other’s health by ameliorating （改善）psychological stress. A substantial literature develops strong evidence that psychological stress causes illness, increases mortality risk, and serves as an important mechanism that links socioeconomic characteristics to health and mortality. Stress-reducing mechanisms include removal of sources of stress, and management of stress by talking about it to a trusted other person, psychiatric treatment, physical exercise, recreation and other means. A spouse can provide or encourage all of these stress-reducing behaviors.
Spouses also can promote each other’s health by providing each other with supportive social contact, and they can facilitate or inhibit each other’s social contact with supportive others. Evidence suggests that health is greatly advanced by supportive social contacts, including positive interaction with relatives, friends, coworkers and acquaintances. Recent experimental data shows that persons with more diverse social networks are more resistant to experimentally introduced upper respiratory viruses than persons with less diverse social networks.
Spouses can also promote each other’s health by providing each other with money income, and they can help each other manage money income effectively. Money does not buy health directly, but it can be used to purchase goods and services that make good health more likely. These goods and services include nutritious food, a hygienic and safe environment, medical care, and amenities that reduce psychological stress. Unless estranged or unusually wealthy, husbands and wives almost always share their financial resources and purchases and consume many of these health-promoting goods and services jointly. In short, there are many ways in which spouses can influence each other’s probability of good health.
词汇注释：
congenital 天生的
mediate 斡旋
facilitate使容易／便利
inhibit 阻止；抑制
respiratory 呼吸的
hygienic 卫生的
amenity (pl.)使人愉快的事物，环境等
estrange 使疏远
译文：
当他们结婚时，丈夫和妻子都有很好的健康史和对于好的健康和不好的健康的一些根深蒂固的天生的或者长期培养形成的嗜好。大量的研究表明，在特定的时间里，假使一个人有健康的嗜好和良好的健康状况，他/她未来的健康是否良好将受到众多社会因素的影响，这些因素与其配偶的影响或操控有关。
通过减少心理压力，配偶间可以促进相互间的健康。大量的文献表明，心理压力引起疾病，增加死亡的危险性并建立一种重要的机制，由此将健康的社会经济特点和死亡率联系起来。减少压力的方法包括：消除导致压力的因素、通过与自己信得过的人的交谈控制压力、进行心理治疗、进行体育锻炼、参加娱乐活动等等。而配偶可以提供或鼓励所有的这些减少压力的方法。
配偶也可以通过使对方有更多的社会交往而促进各自的健康状况。证据表明，健康状况将会由于支持性的社会交往而得到改善，这其中包括积极地与亲戚、朋友、同事和熟人交往。最新的实验数据表明，社会交往广泛的人比社会交往少的人更能抵抗实验中引入的上呼吸道病毒。 配偶也可以通过给对方提供金钱或有效的管理金钱促进对方的健康。钱虽不可以直接买到健康，但可以买到人们保持身体健康所需的东西和服务。这些东西和服务包括有营养的食品、卫生和安全的环境、医疗以及减少心理压力的物质和环境。除非分居或非常富有，丈夫和妻子总是在一起享用他们共有的财富、购买的东西和一起消费那些有助于健康的商品和服务。简而言之，配偶之间有很多方法可以用来改善对方健康。
1. What is the passage mainly about?(全文的中心内容是什么？)
A) How can spouses promote each other’s health.夫妻如何促进相互间的健康。
B) The spouse’s probability of future health夫妻将来健康长寿的可能性。
C) Effects of spouse’s employment and hours of work on each other’s health.夫妻的工作及工作时间对相互间的影响。
D) Spouses influence each other in various ways.夫妻在很多方面互相影响。
2. According to the author, what is the most effective way for the husband to reduce psychological stress?在作者看来，丈夫减少心理压力的最有效的方法是什么？
A) To talk to other person. 与另外一个人讲话。
B) To go to see psychiatrist.看心理医生。
C) To enjoy.尽情享受。
D）To talk with his wife.与妻子交谈。
3. Which one is the suitable summary of paragraph 1?第一段的最合适的概要是哪一个？
A) Spouse’s influence is of vital importance to each other’s health.夫妻间的影响对相互的健康很重要。
B) Spouse’s influence has nothing to do with health.夫妻间的影响与健康无关。
C) Healthy spouses will remain health after their marriage.健康的夫妻婚后仍能保持健康。
D）There are a variety of socially mediated factors.有各种各样的社会调节因素。
4. How can money make good health? 金钱何以让人健康？
A) Money can buy health directly. 金钱可以直接购买健康。
B) Spouses can manage money income effectively.夫妻可以有效地管理钱财。
C) Money can provide spouses with goods and services, which is likely to make good health. 金钱可以夫妻带来促进健康的商品和服务。
D）Husbands and wives share everything.夫妻共享一切。
5. Which of the following is likely to make spouses in ill health?（以下哪一点能使夫妻健康状况不好？） A) Positive interaction with relatives.（积极的与亲戚交往）
B) Appropriate physical exercise.（适当的身体锻炼）
C) Few social networks.（不多的社会联系）
D）Nutritious food.（有营养的食品）
文章概要： 全文讲述婚后配偶相互的影响，但主要从三点讲述双方可以增进双方健康的因素。
1．答案：A. 综合题。第一段中讲不论夫妻双方结婚前身体状况如何，大量研究表明夫妻双方将来的身体状况都受双方的影响，并且每段的第一句话都从增进健康的影响一面来讲述。
2．答案：D. 细节题。第二段中“ A spouse can provide or encourage all of these stress-reducing behaviors.”虽然有各种减少精神压力的方法：和信任的人交流，心理
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咨询，锻炼，娱乐等，但配偶可以提供所有这些减少精神压力的方法。
3．答案：A. 段落主旨题。是对第一段总结概括，根据文章，不论影响好坏，夫妻之间的影响还是最重要的。
4．答案：C. 细节题。最后一段中，“money does not buy health directly, but it can be used to purchase goods and services that make good health more likely.” 钱虽不可以直接买到健康，但可以买到人们保持身体健康所需的东西和服务。 5．答案：C. 细节题。第三段最后一句话指出社会交际广泛的人比那些社会交际少的人抵抗上呼吸道病毒的能力要强。
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