Passage 1
Patricia Russo was not hired back to Lucent Technologies as president and chief executive to dazzle Wall Street. She is widely regarded as a capable, “safe pair of hands,” who will reassure shareholders, customers and employees as Lucent accelerates its radical restructuring. As one of the founding executives who launched Lucent out of AT&T in 1996, she has returned home to guide her old company through its most turbulent times.
Patricia knows Lucent’s business, industry, customers and management team. She has the gift to reach the hearts and minds of people, crucial in phase when people must stay on course. She understands customers’ needs and has demonstrated a willingness for changes. Not only does she know the telecoms industry, she is also a turnaround expert. From 1992-1996, Russo was president of AT&T Business Communications Systems, which was since been spun off as Avaya Inc. According to Schcht, Lucent’s chairman, Avaya had been losing hundreds of millions of dollars before Russo transformed it into a $6-billion business and Lucent’s second largest division. Some colleagues said Russo was able to steer that company’s turnaround by inspiring her management team to work together as a team. She empowered people to take on challenges. This encouraged creative thinking and led to breakthrough results.
While Russo has spent 20 years at AT&T and Lucent, the “new Lucent” may not be recognizable to her because Lucent has changed a lot since she left. The company has already reduced its workforce from 106,000 to 62,000, and the headcount could go as low as 57,000. It has refocused all of its efforts on its largest service provider customers and is now divided into two business divisions instead of six: integrated network solutions (fixed) and mobility solutions (wireless). Russo left Lucent when then chief executive Rich McGinn decided to unify all of Lucent’s business divisions. Her last position was president and chief executive of Lucent’s service provider networks group. “There was only room for one CEO then, so she left,” said a Lucent spokesman.
Her business is shedding non-core assets, her team building skills will be needed to keep the “new Lucent” together. Former colleagues say her ability to not take herself too seriously and a love for chocolate might come in handy, too. Those who have worked with Russo say she always has chocolates around wherever she goes—“probably to break the ice and show she’s a real person.”
1. Which of the followings is not Russo’s ability?
A) Russo is able to steer the company’s turnaround by inspiring her management team to work together as a team.
B) Russo knows telecom industry, customers well.
C) She is able to reach the hearts and minds of people.
D) Russo is good at helping the company which is in great trouble.
2. What’s Russo’s task according to the passage?
A) To bring back Lucent’s old magic.
B) To dazzle Wall Street.
C) To return to Lucent.
D) To replace the CEO in Lucent.
3. What made Russo leave Lucent years ago?
A) Some colleagues thought she was “tough lady” and disliked her.
B) She wanted to run her own business.
C) There was only room for one CEO at that time.
D) Russo was not qualified.
4. What kind of company Lucent probably is?
A) Major telecom equipment supplier.
B) A bank.
C) Industrial factory.
D) Stock exchange house.
5. What is the main problem Lucent is confronting now?
A) Restructuring.
B) Trying to recover from the dotcom fallout and downturn in the telecoms market.
C) Too many expenses.
D)Reduction of workforce.
答案与详解
曾一度任Lucent总裁和执行总裁的Patricia Russo将重返Lucent帮助Lucent度过动乱时期。她能力很强，深谙经营，了解客户要求，善于调动职员默契合作。她还有扭转局势的能力。文章中充满了对Patricia Russo 的期待。
1． 答案：D. 细节题。文章中讲述Russo的能力时比较散乱，但第二段中讲述了她对商业，经营的善长。第1，2，3，4句都提及。问题中的最后一项说他能解救一切处于困境的公司，是不对的。
2． 答案：A. 推断题。从第一段最后一句话’ As one of the founding executives who launched Lucent out of AT&T in 1996, she has returned home to guide her old company through its most turbulent times.’得出，Russo的任务是扭转Lucent, 重获Lucent往日的辉煌。
3． 答案：C. 细节题。第三段最后一句，Lucent发言人说当Rich McGinn决定把Lucent的所有商业分支合并时，只剩下一个执行总裁的位置，所以她离开了。
4． 答案：A. 推断题。全文并未直接指出Lucent是什么公司，但从点滴信息中可以看出，Lucent 是与电信有关的公司。如，not only does she know the telecoms industry, integrated network solution(fixed), mobility solutions(wireless).
5. 答案：A. 细节题。Lucent经历了很大的变动，如人员裁减，内部处于动荡时期。但当前的主要问题是再组合，’ She is widely regarded as a capable, “safe pair of hands,” who will reassure shareholders, customers and employees as Lucent accelerates its radical restructuring.’
Passage 2
Even as Americans have been gaining weight, they have cut their averag
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e fat intake from 36 to 34 percent of their total diets in the past 15 years. And indeed, cutting fat to control or lose weight makes sense. Fat has nine calories per gram. Protein and carbohydrates（碳水化合物） have just four. Moreover, the body uses fewer calories to metabolize fat than it does to metabolize other foods. Compared with protein and carbohydrates – which break down into amino acids and simple sugars, respectively, and can be used to strengthen and energize the body -- dietary fat is more easily converted to body fat. Therefore, it’s more likely to stay on buttocks, thighs and bellies.
But cutting fat from your diet doesn’t necessarily mean your body won’t store fat. For example, between nonfat and regular cookies, there’s trivial difference in calories because manufacturers make up for the loss of fat by adding sugar. Low-fat crackers, soups and dressings can also be just as high in calories as richer versions. No matter where the calories come from, overeating will still cause weight gain. The calories from fat just do it a little quicker. A Wisconsin computer programmer who decided with a diet coach to eat only 40 grams of fat a day learned the lesson firsthand. He wasn’t losing weight. Then he showed his food diary to his coach and revealed he’d been eating half a pound of jelly beans a day. “They don’t have any fat,” he explains. But they had enough sugar to keep him from shedding an ounce.
Nonfat foods become add-on foods. When we add them to our diet, we actually increase the number of calories we eat per day and gain weight. That was borne out in a Pennsylvania State University study. For breakfast, Prof. Barbara Rolls gave two groups of women yogurt that contained exactly the same amount of calories. One group’s yogurt label said “high fat”—the other, “low fat.” The “low fat” yogurt group ate significantly more calories later in the day than the other group. “People think they’ve saved fat and can indulge themselves later in the day with no adverse consequences,” says Richard Mattes, a nutrition researcher at Purdue University. “But when they do that, they don’t compensate very precisely, and they often end up overdoing it.”
１. Why Americans are still gaining weight?
A) They eat too much fat.
B) They overeat.
C) They eat low-fat crackers, soups and dressings.
D) They eat sugar.
２. What lesson did the computer programmer learn?
A) Overeating will cause weight gain.
B) He can eat half a pound of jelly beans a day.
C) He didn’t eat any fat.
D) His coach gave him a lecture.
３. Prof. Barbara’s experiment proved that _______________.
A) Two groups ate the same amount of calories.
B) Two groups ate the same amount of yogurt.
C) The “low fat” yogurt group ate significantly more calories later in the day than the other group.
D) People increase the number of calories they eat per day and gain weight.
４. According to the author, ___________ has less calories.
A) Fat.
B) Protein and carbohydrates.
C) Amino acid.
D) Sugar.
５. What can you infer from the passage?
A) To keep from being overweight, people have to eat non-fat food.
B) The calories from fat just do it a little quicker than that from protein and carbohydrates.
C) People should avoid temptation.
Ｄ）Americans realize that it is necessary to count calories before eating the food.
答案与详解
此文章所要阐明的是虽然人们以往认为的减少脂肪消耗可以减肥的理论是正确的，但人们还有一个问题需要注意，过量使用含脂肪少的食物也会使体重增加。
１． 答案：A. 主旨题。全文章主要论述美国人在过去的15年中虽然少吃含脂肪多的食物，但他们还在长胖。原因在于过量饮食会导致卡路里的过量的摄入而导致肥胖。 ２． 答案：A. 细节题。这个计算机程序员的经历是对第二段第四句的证明，表明他亲身体验了此教训。’ No matter where the calories come from, overeating will still cause weight gain.’不论卡路里来自何处，过量饮食也会增加体重。
３． 答案：D. 细节题。同上题。巴巴拉教授对两组妇女的研究证明了’ we actually increase the number of calories we eat per day and gain weight.’ 随着我们每天摄入卡路里的增长，体重也在增长。
４． 答案：B. 细节题。第一段第三句，和脂肪相比，蛋白质和碳水化合物只含有四个卡路里。
５． 答案：D. 推断题。从文章的篇章来看，脂肪虽比蛋白质，碳水化合物的卡路里多，但美国人由于过量使用卡路里少的食物，加之有些无脂肪的食物由于糖分的添加而使卡路里摄入量加大而导致肥胖。
Passage 3
Time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable, whether you are a book-lover or merely go there to buy a book as a present. You may even have entered the shop just to find shelter from a sudden shower. Whatever the reason, you can soon become totally unaware of your surroundings. The desire to pick up a book with an attractive dust jacket is irresistible, although this method of selection ought not to be followed, as you might end up with a rather dull book. You soon become engrossed in some book or other, and usually it is only much later that you realize you have spent far too much time there and must dash off to keep some forgotten appointment---without buying a book, of course.
This opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is, I think, the
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main attraction of a bookshop. There are not many places where it is possible to do this. A music shop is very much like a bookshop. You can wander round such places to your heart's content. If it is a good shop, no assistant will approach you with the inevitable greeting: “Can I help you, sir?” You needn't buy anything you don't want. In a bookshop an assistant should remain in the background until you have finished browsing. Then, and only then, are his services necessary. Of course, you may want to find out where a particular section is, but when he has led you there, the assistant should retire discreetly （谨慎地） and look as if he is not interested in selling a single book.
You have to be careful not to be attracted by the variety of books in a bookshop. It is very easy to enter the shop looking for a book on, say ancient coins and to come out carrying a copy of the latest best-selling novel and perhaps a book about brass-rubbing-something which had only vaguely interested you up till then. This volume on the subject, however, happened to be so well illustrated and the part of the text you read proved so interesting that you just had to buy it. This sort of thing can be very dangerous. Apart from running up a hug account, you can waste a great deal of time wandering from section to section. Booksellers must be both long-suffering and indulgent（纵容地）.
1. You may spend too much time in a bookshop because________
A. the dust jackets are very attractive
B. you start reading one of the books
C. it is raining outside
D. you have to make sure you can't buy a dull book as a present
2. In a good bookshop_______.
A. nobody takes any notice of you
B. the assistant greets you in a friendly way
C. your heart is contented
D. you feel that you are in a music shop
3. An assistant should help you_______.
as soon as you have entered a shop
just before you finish browsing
only when you have finished browsing
when he leads you to a particular section.
4. It's very easy to enter a bookshop and buy_______.
a book on ancient coins
a best-selling novel on brass-rubbing
a book that only vaguely interests you
a book that unexpectedly interests you
5. This passage is mainly concerned with _______.
some advice on entering a bookshop
how to select books in a bookshop
assistant’ service in a bookshop
attractions of books in a bookshop
答案与详解
1本题是一个细节题，由文章第一段 You soon become engrossed in some book or other, and usually it is only much later … 中词组become engrossed in 全神贯注于,可以得出，正确答案是Ｂ。
2.C 本题是一个主旨大意题，在文章第二段第三行，可以得出好的书店能让人心满意足，其余三个选择都不准确。
3.C 本题是一个细节题，在文章第二段中间 In a bookshop an assistant should remain in the background until you have finished browsing 这一句中可以得出正确答案。
4.D 在文章第三段It is very easy to enter the shop looking for a book on, say ancient coins and to come out carrying a copy of the latest best-selling novel …just to buy it.去书店想找一本有关古钱币的书,碰巧看到最新的畅销小说和有关给铜抛光的书,并be被所读的部分所吸引,结果买下.根据这句话可以得知正确答案是D。
5.A 本题考察的是对文章中心的把握，只有A 这个选项可以贯穿全篇，因而是正确答案。
Passage 4
Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patient —to speed recovery or to conceal the approach of death? In medicine as in law, government, and other lines of work, the requirements of honesty often seem dwarfed (变矮小) by greater needs: the need to shelter from brutal news or to uphold a promise of secrecy; to expose corruption or to promote the public interest.
What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical checkup just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months? Is it best to tell him the truth? If he asks, should the doctors deny that he is ill, or minimize the gravity of the illness? Should they at least conceal the truth until after the family vacation?
Doctors confront such choices often and urgently. At times, they see important reasons to lie for the patient's own sake; in their eyes, such lies differ sharply from self-serving ones.
Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill patients do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate(恶化) faster, perhaps even commit suicide. As one physician wrote: “Ours is a profession which traditionally has been guided by a precept that transcends the virtue of uttering the truth for truth's sake, and that is ‘as far as possible do no harm.’”
But the illusory nature of the benefits is now coming to be documented. Studies show that, contrary to the belief of many physicians; an overwhelming majority of p
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atients do want to be told the truth, even about grave illness, and feel betrayed when they learn that they have been misled. We are also learning that truthful information, humanely conveyed, helps patients cope with illness: help them tolerate pain better, need less medicine, and even recover faster after surgery.
There is urgent need to debate this issue openly. Not only in medicine, but in other professions as well, practitioners may find themselves repeatedly in difficulty where serious consequences seem avoidable only through deception. Yet the public has every reason to be wary of professional deception, for such practices are peculiarly likely to become deeply rooted, to spread, and to erode trust. Neither in medicine, nor in law, government, or the social sciences can there be comfort in the old saying, “ What you don't know can't hurt you.”
1. According to the author's opinion, lies _______________.
A. can benefit the patients.
B. can help the patients to recovery
C. can do nothing to the patients' illness
D. can not benefit the patients
2. Which of the following statements is not true?
A. Most of the doctors believe that the seriously ill patients do not want to know the truth about their condition.
B. The truthful information helps patients to deal with their illness.
C. There is a need to discuss whether to lie or to the patients.
D. It is true that “What you don't know can't hurt.”
3. What is the main idea of the last paragraph_________.
A. There is urgent need to debate this issue openly.
B. Neither in medicine, nor in law, government, or the social sciences can there be comfort in the old saying. “What you don't know can't hurt you. ”
C. The public has every reason to be wary of professional deception.
D. We need to discuss this issue in medicine, but not in other professions.
4. From the fourth paragraph, we can infer _______.
A. the deception is beneficial to the patient
B. the deception is not beneficial to the patient
C. the patients usually don't want to know the truth
D. the patients don't want to be told the truth
5. The reasons that the doctors lie to the patients are ___
A. seriously ill patients do not want to told the truth .
B. informing them risks destroying their hope.
C. telling truth may deteriorate faster
D.all the above
答案与详解
1.D 作者在文章的第五段,通过使用but, contrary to, majority of patients do want to be told the truth, truthful information helps patients cope with illness 等文字清楚地表明了自己的观点 “欺骗并不能使病人逃离厄运”,由此可见D是正确答案。
2.D 选项D 源于文章的最后一句话,但意义与原句正相反, 因而是错误的。
3.A 一般来讲,主题句中包含中心思想,而主题句常常出现在句首,此段的中心意思正是体现在句首的主题句中,
因此A是正确答案.
4.B 这是作者在此文中想表达的观点.
5.D 参看文章第四段,列举了医生向病人隐瞒真情的原因,包括A,B,C 选项。
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