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可数名词变复数的九种形式(大学英语四六级考试)

作者:  时间: 2020-12-23


1)单数名词加s: students, apples, bags, trees, books, brothers.
   2)以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加es: glasses, boxes, brushes, matches.
   3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加es: cities, babies, enemies.4)以f或fe结尾的名词,多数变f为v加es: wives, knives.但有些词只加s: roofs, proof s, chiefs. 
   5)以o结尾的名词,有些加es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes.其它加s: radio s, zoos, pianos, photos.
    6)不规则名词:foot→feet, goose→geese, tooth→teeth, child→children, man→me n, woman→women, sheep→sheep, deer→deer, mouse→mice. 
   7)某些外来词变复数:datum→data, medium→media, bacterium→bacteria, curriculum→curricula, criterion→criteria, phenomenon→phenomena. (um/on→a)analysis→analyses, basis→bases, crisis→crises, diagnosis→diagnoses.(is→es )
    8)复合名词变复数:以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式,如:homework. 
   以man或woman为前缀的复合名词变复数,前后两个名词都变复数,如:manservant→menservants, woman student women students. 
   其它复合名词变复数:grownup→grownups, brotherinlaw→brothersinlaw, standby→standsby.
   9)复合形容词做定语时,其中的名词保持单数:a sixyearold boy,a twohundredpage book 
   【例句】A second doctor must confirm that these criteria ______ and the death must be re ported to the police department. 
   A) has been met 
   B) have been met 
   C) was met 
   D) was being met 
   criteria是复数形式,故A,C,D都为错误选项。正确答案为B。 
   1) The university authorities are seriously considering abandoning the traditional______class.
   A) fifth minutes 
   B) fiftyminutes 
   C) fiftyminute 
   D) fifty minute's 
   复合形容词用作定语时,其中的名词不变复数,故B不对。A不能做定语,D应为fifty minutes',正确答案为C。 
 
可数名词与不可数名词的相互转化 
  可数名词与不可数名词在一定条件下可以转化。很多表示蔬菜、动物等的名词,一般来说是可数的,但是表示餐桌上的食品时,就转换为不可数名词。 
   【例如】There are some chickens in the yard.(院子里有几只鸡。)Would you like chicken or fish?(你喜欢吃鸡,还是吃鱼?) 
   物质名词或抽象名词一般是不可数的,但用来表示若干类和数量之多时,可转化为可数名词,但往往意义有所变化,如:water(水)→waters(水域),sea(海)→seas(海域) 
   【再如】 
   Beer is a kind of nice drink in hot summer. 
   I had two beers and a big bowl of beef. 
   当抽象名词表示“某一种”或“某一方面”的抽象概念时,其前可加a/an.【例如】 
   What he did showed a certain honesty which made me admire him. 


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